Pre-requisites

Students should be confident in working with new concepts and ideas, besides mastering “basic” techniques developed in the previous three years of their engineering curriculum.

Course Aims

The course aims at teaching the fundamentals of quantum mechanics and nano-engineering.

Learning Outcomes

On successful completion of this module a student will be able to understand the fundamentals of quantum mechanics and of its applications in electronics and telecommunications.

Indicative Content

• Nano-engineering: Basic principles.

• The emergence of the nano-world: from “classical” to “quantum” mechanics.

• the electron,

• discrete energy levels,

• wave function,

• quantum observables,

• quantum probabilities,

• uncertainty relations,

• the Schrödinger equation,

• quantum superposition principle,

• entanglement and non-locality (basics),

• the photon,

• quantum states of the electromagnetic field (basics),

• quantum coherence & photon-atom interactions (basics),

• quantum interference,

• the spin,

• the electron orbital & intrinsic (spin) angular momentum,

• the proton spin,

• manipulating the spin (basics),

• Some Applications: Nanoelectronics, Spintronics and Nanophotonics.

• low-dimensional Semiconductor Structures (basics.),

• quantum wells,

• nano-wires and quantum dots (basics),

• single electron devices and electron tunneling devices,

• photonic Band-Gap Materials,

• light propagation at the nanoscale (basics),

• nano-resonators,

• photon confinement (basics),

• tunable photonic band-gap mechanisms (basics),

• taming the “quantum” to process information: “spin qubits” and “flying quibits”.

Suggested Bibliography

L. Cademartiri, G.A. Ozin, Concepts of Nanochemistry, Wiley, 2009 – Lecture notes, handouts, and scientific particles provided by the professor.

Methods of Delivery

University Physics [Volume II Paperback] by Philip R. Kesten and David L. Tauck.

Methods of Assessment and Weighting

Written and/or oral examinations.

Credit Units (ECTS): 6

Pre-requisites

Basic knowledge of electromagnetics.

Module Aims

By means of laboratory exercises, the course aims at introducing students to the use of numerical tools and instruments which are essential for the design and test of WLAN antennas.

Learning Outcomes

On successful completion of this module a student will be able to: 1) design and simulate basic WLAN antennas by using CST Microwave Studio, 2) and measure their parameters by means of a Vector Network Analyzer.

Indicative Content

• Exercise 1: design and simulation of a wire antenna.

• Exercise 2: experimental characterization of coaxial cables and antennas by means of a Vector Network Analyzer (scattering parameters and radiation patterns).

• Exercise 3: measurements of position and velocity of a target by means of the uRAD+Arduino radar.

Suggested Bibliography

Antenna theory : analysis and design, C. A. Balanis, Wiley 2016.

Methods of Delivery

Laboratory exercises (30 Hours) to be done individually or by working in a team. At the end of each laboratory exercise students must submit a report. Attendance at laboratory exercises is mandatory.

Methods of Assessment and Weighting

Reports on the experimental exercises and oral exam.

Credit Units (ECTS): 3

Pre-requisites

Calculus and Electromagnetism.

Module Aims

Presentation of some spectroscopy methods employed in modern optics (frequency-domain and time-domain)

Learning Outcome

Ability to identify the more appropriate experimental spectroscopic technique necessary to investigate linear optical properties of the platform under analysis with respect to the spectral region of interest.

Indicative Content

•  Part I

• Wave equation in vacuum and time-harmonic plane waves.

• Polarization states and Stokes parameters.

• Light propagation is isotropic media and birfringent uniaxial crystals.

• Fresnel coeffients and Optical properties of stratified media (transfer matrix method).

• Part II

• Introduction to linear spectroscopy (nomenclature and configuration geometry).

• Incoherent light sources.

• Time-domain vs frequency-domain spectroscopy.

• Spectrographs (prism and grating) and interferometers.

• Electro-optical sampling.

• Part III: Training sessions

Guided computer-based training sessions regarding the analysis of the results of spectroscopy experiment :

• Calibration of a spectrometer ;

• Measurement of Stokes parameters of a beam with unknown polarization state ;

• Analysis of the infra-red reflectance spectrum of a multilayer structure ;

• Interferometer.

Suggested Bibliography

• Books

• Born and Wolf, Pronciples of Optics, Pergamon Press.

• Demtröder, Laser Spectroscopy, Springer.

• Fowles, Introduction to Modern Optics, Dover Publications.

• Boyd, Nonlinear Optics, Academic Press.

• Daillant and Gibaud (Eds.), X-ray and Neutron Reflectivity – Principles and Applications, Lecture Notes in Physics, Springer. Chapter III: Specular Reflectivity from Smooth and Rough Surfaces.

• Journal Articles

• Beth Schaefer, Edward Collett, Robert Smyth, Daniel Barrett, Beth Fraher; Measuring the Stokes polarization parameters. Am. J. Phys. 75 (2): 163–168. https://doi.org/10.1119/1.2386162.

Methods of Delivery

• Lectures and Training Sessions.

• Each training session will focus on the analysis of an experimental case.

• After the presentation and analysis of the experimental case, an additional exercise will be given to apply the discussed model.

Methods of Assessment and Weighting

The exam will comprise three parts:

• Written report discussing one of the topics presented during the guided training sessions (20%)..

• Oral presentation (involving slides discussion) of a research article dealing with some topics presented during the lessons (10%)

• Written test regarding the topics discussed during the lessons (70%)

 Credit Units (ECTS): 3

Pre-requisites

• Basics of nonlinear modelling of microwave transistors,

• Basics of linear/nonlinear active microwave circuits,

• Architectures of power amplifiers,

• High-frequency measurements of linear/nonlinear components,

• Basics of ADS software applied to linear circuits,

• Basics of design methods for linear/nonlinear circuits of RF front ends,

• Basics of sampling theory,

• Basics of nonlinear modelling Volterra Series.

Module Aims

To provide students with an advanced insight into signal processing and adaptive linear/nonlinear microwave circuits to face high-frequency front-end requirements.

Learning Outcomes

• Deep insight into the nonlinear modelling of thermal and trapping effects in microwave transistors to assess their impact on modulated signals

• Advanced understanding of adaptive power amplifiers in high-frequency front-end illustrated by payload and radar applications

• Design methods of Doherty, switching-mode and envelope tracking HPAs

• Advanced understanding of band-pass sampling in a receiver for the satellite ground-based station

• Advanced understanding of limitations of Software Defined Radio (quantification noise, phase jitter, non-linear effects, SFDR, THD).

 Indicative Content 

• Nonlinear circuits

• Specific nonlinear modelling methods of GaN HEMTs,

• nonlinear modelling of thermal and trapping effects,

• EVM/ACPR/NPR linearity criteria of HF modulated signals,

• principles of linearization techniques,

• system trade-offs between efficiency and linearity in payload satellites and radar systems,

• statistics of complex modulated signals with variable envelope,

• adaptive control of high power amplifiers, switching-mode power amplifiiers (F, inverse F, VMCD, CMCD),

• Doherty technique,

• EER Envelope Elimination and Restoration,

• Discrete and continuous envelope tracking systems,

• calculation of boost and buck DC-DC converters,

• Envelope detector,

• PWM modulation,

• LINC and CHIREIX techniques.

• Low noise amplifier design

• Noise analysis for linear RF circuits (sources of noise in electronic circuits, noise power vs signal power, noise figure and equivalent noise temperature, noise figure for passive quadripole, Friss formula, noise parameters for linear quadripole, modelling noise in linear quadripole, characterization techniques, noise figure measurement),

• design and synthesis of low noise amplifier (specifications and modelling process).

• Digital processing systems

• digital modulation formats,

• signal processing (IQ formalism, complex envelope, IQ modulation and demodulation, example of M-QAM modulation format, mathematical description of sampling, Nyquist-Shannon theorem),

• particular case of wireless systems (multiplexing techniques (FD/TDMA),

• TDD and FDD duplexing with Downlink and Uplink, constraints on RF receivers),

• receivers architectures, pros and cons (heterodyne vs homodyne, digital IF receiver, receiver with bandpass sampling, receiver with discrete sampling, limitation of analog-digital conversion, THD, SFDR, phase jitter).

• Particular case of Track Hold Amplifier (THA) RF sampler

• architecture of THA and non-linear phenomenological model of THA,

• limitation of THA (bandwidth, SFDR, THD),

• example of THA 1321 Inphi datasheet and its use for band-pass sampling with DDC (Digital Down Converter) processing for complex envelope extraction.

Scholars (indicative)

• Design requirements of low noise and power amplifiers for microwave front ends dedicated to radio/satellite communications and radar systems.

• Design requirements of Software Defined Radio for ground-based satellite receivers.

Suggested Bibliography

• Steve Cripps , RF Power amplifiers for wireless communications –Artech House, ISBN  0-89006-989-1.

• Stephen A Mass , Nonlinear microwave and RF circuits – Artech House ISBN  1-58053-484-8.

• Jonathan C. Jensen , Ultra-high speed data converter building blocks in Si/SiGe HBT process, PhD thesis, 2005, University of California San Diego.

• Richard Chi His Li, RF Circuit Design Wiley Online Library Second Edition, ISBN 20120928.

 Methods of Delivery

Learning Hours: Lectures

Methods of Assessment and Weighting

Written exam

Resit in January, February or June.

Credit Units (ECTS): 3

Pre-requisites

• Electromagnetic theory and basic microwave components

• measurement microwave technics.

Module Aims

To provide students with an understanding of passive components for spatial and IoT telecommunications.

Learning Outcomes

On successful completion of this module a student will be able to:

• Understand the electromagnetic and electric theory basis for microwave component design.

• Know the methodologies for the advanced synthesis of microwave passive components and the potential of tunability of these components.

• Design tunable components (MEMS switch, Phase Change Material, varactors …)  for active and passive planar circuits.

Indicative Content 

• Propagation:

• industrial and R&D context for passive microwave circuits,

• propagation in cylindrical metallic waveguide,

• EM analysis and modelling of heterogeneous microwave resonators,

• theory of coupling between microwave resonators.

• Microwave filter synthesis,

• EM CAD for microwave sub-systems (components, packaging),

• Current research activities on passive microwave components including their integration.

• Integrated Passives for RFICs and MMWICs:

• industrial and R&D context for RFICs, Low Power RF electronics,

• parameters and characteristics for passive circuits and matching networks on CMOS RFICs,

• integrated L-C networks,

• design of layout-efficient matching networks in Silicon ICs,

• Coupling EM simulations to circuit simulations,

• tunable capacitors for adaptative front ends components, 

• emerging IC integrated technologies: RF MEMS, PCM switches,

• Application example.

Scholars (indicative)

• smallsats, CubeSats, Nano and Picosatellites constellation for new  internet operators (GAFA),

• MEMS and Phase Change Materials for 5G communications,

• additive technologies to manufacture microwave components.

Suggested Bibliography

• D. M. Pozar, Microwave Engineering, 4th edition, John Wiley and Sons, 2012.

• Peter Rizzi,  Microwave Engineering: Passive Circuits, PHI Learning, 1987.

• R. J. Cameron, C. M. Kudsia, R.R. Mansour, Microwave Filters for Communications Systems, Fundamentals, Design and Applications, Wiley, 2018.

 Methods of Delivery

• Part I: Lecture & Tutorial 

• Part II: Lecture & Tutorial

Methods of Assessment and Weighting

Written exam

Resit in January, February or June.

Credit Units (ECTS): 3

Pre-requisites

• Basics of solid-state physics and Light/Matter interactions

• Physics of semiconductors

• Physics of optoelectronic devices

Module Aims

• Understand what is a good semiconductor material for optoelectronic applications

• Get familiar with the physical properties of organic and hybrid semiconductors (p-conjugated polymers, small molecules, halide perovskites, metal oxides)

• Get basic knowledge in the field of printed electronics and optoelectronics

• Understand the basics of organic solar cells: architectures, operation, performance, processing technologies and main applications

• Understand the basics of perovskite light-emitting diodes: architectures, operation, performance, processing technologies and main applications

Learning Outcomes

On successful completion of this module a student will be able to :

• Understand the global context of printed electronics and the main applications of optoelectronic devices in this context

• Understand the basics of organic and halide semiconductors and their properties

• Understand the basic operation of organic solar cells and light-emitting diodes

• Understand the design rules of ideal organic solar cell / perovskite light-emitting diode architectures including the use of suitable interfacial layers

• Quantify the performance of organic solar cells and light-emitting diodes, based on conventional electrical and optoelectronic characterizations

Indicative Content 

• Part A: Physical properties of Organic semiconductors and focus on organic solar cells

• Context and generalities on Organic Electronics

• Polymer and Small molecular semiconductors

• Physical properties at different scales * Thin Film Technologies

• Basics of solar radiation and photovoltaic application

• Organic photovoltaics

• Part B: Physical properties of halide perovskites and focus on light-emitting devices

• What is a good semiconductor for optoelectronics?

• Focus on halide perovskite materials: what is it?

• Structure and electronic properties

• Synthesis and deposition technologies

• From perovskite solar cells to light-emitting diodes

• The basics of LED devices and their performance

• State of the art of perovskite LED

Suggested Bibliography

• A. Moliton, « Optoelectronics of Molecules and Polymers », Springer-Verlag New York Inc., 2006 Edition, ISBN: 978-0387237107

• A. Moliton, “Electronique et optoélectronique organiques », Springer Paris, 2011, ISBN: 978-2-8178-0103-2 * Z. Cui, “Printed Electronics: Materials, Technologies and Applications”, Wiley, 2016, ISBN: 978-1118920923

• H. Dong et al., “Metal Halide Perovskite for next-generation optoelectronics: progresses and prospects”, eLight 3 (2023), 3

• A. Fakharuddin et al., “Perovskite Light emitting diodes”, Nature Electronics 5 (2022) 203

Methods of Delivery

Lectures and Tutorials

Methods of Assessment and Weighting

Written exam

Resit in January, February or June

Credit Units (ECTS): 1.5

Pre-requisites

• Maxwell’s equations, planes waves.

• Equations of propagation

• Resolution of linear systems

• Antennas Parameters (Radiation and electrical characteristics, S parameters, Transmission Equation)

• Antenna array analysis

• Wire antennas, patch antennas, radiating apertures

Module Aims

• EMC : Introduction to the Electromagnetic Compatibility (EMC) – How to solve EMC problems using analytic approaches based on physical phenomena or using numerical tools.

• Antennas : Overview of antennas and array architectures for terrestrial and space communications and radar detection. Study of pattern synthesis techniques and tools. Antenna array and associated circuit design guidelines for beamforming. Analysis of the properties and design rules of radiating apertures and reflector antennas

Learning Outcomes

 On successful completion of this module a student will be able to:

• Understand the different ways of parasitic electromagnetic coupling

• Evaluate the perturbation level in simple cases at the electronic systems level

• Design an antenna array according to a given pattern specification

• Design and to analyze the performances of most common radiating apertures and reflector antennas

 Indicative Conten

• EM compatibility

• Typical examples of EMC problem

• Introduction to diffraction problems, resolution using numerical tools

• Principle of an analytical approach based on circuit representation of physical phenomena

• Sources of electromagnetic interferences

• Coupling phenomena, particular case of transmission lines,

• Electromagnetic shielding and nonlinear protections

• Antennas:

• Introduction on analog and digital beamforming architectures

• Linear and Planar Array Factor Synthesis (Fourier, Chebyshev, Numerical synthesis).

• Array beamforming networks

• Radiating apertures (horn antennas, slotted waveguide)

• Reflector antennas: properties and design.

Suggested Bibliography

• “Analysis of multiconductor transmission lines”  Clayton R. Paul, IEEE Press, Wiley-Interscience A. John Wiley & sons, Inc, Publication. ISBN 978-0-470-13154-1

• “La Compatibilité Électromagnétique des systèmes complexes » Olivier Maurice – Hermes-Lavoisier.

• Randy L. Haupt – Antenna Arrays_ A Computational Approach (2010, Wiley-IEEE Press)

• Constantine A. Balanis, ANTENNA THEORY ANALYSIS AND DESIGN, THIRD EDITION, A JOHN WILEY & SONS, INC., PUBLICATION.

• Mailloux, Robert J, Phased Array Antenna Handbook, Third Edition,Artech House, 2017

Methods of Delivery

• EMC : Lecture (10h)

• Antennas : Lecture (15h) Tutorial (5h)

Methods of Assessment and Weighting

Written exam.

Resit in January, February or June.

Credit Units (ECTS): 3

Pre-requisites

• Microwave systems, S-parameters, active and passive microwave devices,

• Analog and digital modulations,

• Low-noise and nonlinear microwave circuits,

• Electromagnetic laws and antenna design,

Course Aims

• To provide essential understanding of photonics simulation tools 
• To illustrate lessons and make them easier to understand via numerical simulations 
• To model and design complicated fiber structures (e.g. hollow-core fibers) 
• To model nonlinear pulse propagation in waveguides
• To model laser amplification in rare-earth doped fibers

Learning outcomes

By the end of this series of practical sessions on photonics modeling, students will have acquired a comprehensive set of skills and knowledge that are essential for both academic research and industry applications. These include:

• Fundamental understanding: Students will gain a deep understanding of the principles of optical fiber design, including the physics of guided propagation, the structure of optical fibers, and the various types of fibers used in different applications.
• Simulation Tools: Hands-on experience with industry-standard simulation software will be a key component. Students will learn to use tools such as MATLAB and COMSOL Multiphysics, to create and analyze waveguide and fiber models and to study pulse propagation.

Indicative Content

• Full-vectorial modal analysis of fibers and waveguides using COMSOL Multiphysics 
• Simulation of pulse propagation by solving of the generalized nonlinear Schrödinger equation (GNLSE) using MATLAB 
• Simulation of fiber amplifiers and fiber lasers by solving the laser rate equations using MATLAB

Suggested Bibliography

• S. Février, B. Beaudou, and P. Viale, “Understanding origin of loss in large pitch hollow-core photonic crystal fibers and their design simplification,” Opt. Express 18, 5142 (2010) 
• F. Poletti, “Nested antiresonant nodeless hollow core fiber,” Opt. Express 22, 23807 (2014) 
• K. Suzuki, H. Kubota, S. Kawanishi, M. Tanaka, and M. Fujita, “Optical properties of a low-loss polarization-maintaining photonic crystal fiber,” Opt. Express 9, 676 (2001)
• J. M. Dudley, G. Genty, and S. Coen, « Supercontinuum generation is photonic crystal fiber, » Rev. Mod. Phys. 78, 1135 DOI: 10.1103/RevModPhys.78.1135 
• J. M. Dudley, C. Finot, G. Genty, and R. Taylor, “Fifty years of fiber solitons,” Optics and Photonics News 34 26 (2023)

Methods of Delivery

Labs

Methods of Assessment and Weighting

Term Paper: 1 report and 1 defense on a particular topic. Defense in front of an academic jury (20 minutes presentation + 20 minutes questions).

Weights: defense 0.67, report 0.33.

Each group of two students chooses a topic in the list below or proposes their own topic.

• Modal analysis of hollow-core fibers 
• Modal analysis of polarization-maintaining photonic crystal fibers 
• Study of Raman soliton dynamics by solving the GNLSE in MATLAB 
• Study of all-fiber pulse compression schemes by solving the GNLSE in MATLAB 
• Study of rare-earth-doped fiber amplifiers and lasers 
• Study of beam propagation by the ABCD matrix method 
• Study of beam propagation by the Fourier-transform beam propagation method

Credit Units (ECTS): 3

Pre-requisites

• General knowledge on Information and Communications technologies (ICT)

• Basics on electronic devices and systems

• Basics on semiconducting materials and devices

• Mathematical methods for physics and engineering

Course Aims

To provide students with a basic understanding in the field of Energy Harvesting specifically applied to sustainable Internet of Things (IoT). The module aims at developing a general knowledge on various energy harvesting technologies that can be deployed to power autonomous sensors and/or objects in the field of IoT and industrial IoT. The module also aims at proposing a concrete approach to student for the design of simple energy harvesting systems (RF rectenna) through their simulation and modelling. Some general knowledge on ultra-low power electronics and energy management systems will also be targeted.

Learning Outcomes

On successful completion of this module a student will be able to:

• Understand the context and challenges in the field of energy harvesting applied to IoT

• Understand the main principles of operation of various energy conversion devices exploiting indoor light, thermal gradients, mechanical motions/vibrations, or ambient RF energy.

• Understand the challenges associated with ultra-low power electronics and energy management in IoT systems

• Establish a preliminary energy assessment of IoT systems in order to select the most suitable energy harvesting technology

• Perform a preliminary design of RF-rectenna towards ambient energy harvesting using dedicated tools for their simulation

Indicative Content

• Part 1: (conference, to be confirmed): A general overview of energy harvesting systems integrated to IoT device

• Part 2: Indoor photovoltaics for IoT

• Part 3: Thermal energy harvesting for IoT

• Part 4: Operation, design and simulation of rectenna towards RF-energy harvesting (including practical works)

Suggested Bibliography

• M. Alhawari et al, “Energy Harvesting for Self-Powered Wearable Devices”, Springer 2018, ISBN 978-3-319-62577-5

• Y. K. Tan, “Energy Harvesting Autonomous Sensor Systems”, CRC Press, 2017, ISBN 978-1-351- 83256-4

Methods of Delivery

• Introduction conference (3h)

• Lectures (17h)

Methods of Assessment and Weighting

Written test, reports, oral restitution

Credit Units (ECTS): 03

Pre-requisites

• Basic notions of 3D drawing

• Basic notions on mechanical manufacturing

• Basics basic notions of microwave components (from TU MPC)

• Mathematical methods for physics and engineering (e.g. …)

Module Aims

To teach students a basic understanding of the production processes based on additive manufacturing technologies (metal, ceramic and plastic) and on heterogeneous integration of RF sub-systems using such 3D printing technologies.

Learning Outcomes

Upon successful completion of this module, a student will be able to:

• Understand the design rules related to each additive manufacturing technology

• Understand the industrial issues related to the technology

• Establish the positioning (advantages and disadvantages) of additive manufacturing compared to other manufacturing technologies

• Establish the current and future RF components and subsystems in industrial production

Indicative Content

• Part I: Basics on microwave domain (Lectures: 3h)

• Microwave domain and additive manufacturing in RF front-end

• Theory of transmission line

• S-parameters

• Waveguide and 3D resonators

• Microwave filtering

• Part II: Basics on additive manufacturing (Lectures: 3h)

• Additive processes review

• Digital chain for additive manufacturing

• 3D printing hybridation for ceramic metal part dedicated to micro-electronic

• Part III: Additive manufacturing on RF components (Lectures: 3h)

• Different benefit from different materials: polymers, metals, ceramics Applications: antennas, filters, signal routing, metasurfaces and metamaterials etc…

• Different technologies: 3D printing and conformal printing for microwave devices

• Advanced materials: low-loss polymers, temperature stable metals and ceramics etc…

• Future trends: 4D printing, submicron printing

Guest Lecturers (indicative)

List of potential topics covered by guest lecturers.

• Professor Cristiano Tomassoni, Department of engineering – Electromagnetic fields, University of Perugia, Italy

• Dr. Oscar Antonio Peverini, Senior Researcher at CNR-EIIIT, Italy

Suggested Bibliography

• Gibson, D. Rosen, B. Stucker, M. Khorasani, “Additive Manufacturing Technologies”, 3rd Edition, Spinger, 2021

• Claude Barlier et Alain Bernard, “Fabrication Additive”, Collection Technique et ingénierie, Edition Dunod, novembre 2020

Methods of delivery & learning Hours (h)

• Part I: Lecture (3h)

• Part II: Lecture (3h)

• Part III: Lecture (3h)

• Lab sessions: 21h

Methods of Assessment and Weighting

• Written test, report or poster presentation

Credit Units (ECTS): 03 ECTS

Pre-requisites

• Basics of CAD tools applied to RF, microwave and optical devices and systems.

• Microwave systems, S-parameters, active and passive microwave devices,

• Analog and digital modulations,

• Low-noise and nonlinear microwave circuits,

• Electromagnetic laws and antenna design,

• Optical systems

Module Aims

• Provide in depth understanding of high-frequency circuit, electromagnetic and optical simulations through intensive practical works on dedicated CAD tools,

• Enhance the use of CAD tools which are extended to modulated and complex RF, microwave and optical systems.

• Acquire the use of up-to-date engineering CAD tools focused on research and development activities.

Learning Outcomes

On successful completion of this module a student will be able to :

• Face the main scientific simulation issues involved in the complex analysis and design of passive and active RF, microwave and optical systems
• Develop its own expertise and use of up to date CAD tools focused on research and development activities 
• Be aware of the main issues of simulation and its required comparison with measurement tools and methods

Indicative Content

• Nonlinear high-frequency simulation of power amplifiers (CAD tool: ADS)

• Nonlinear simulation of electro-optical amplitude modulation (CAD tool: ADS) 

• Noise simulation and design of receiver circuits (CAD tool: ADS) 

• Circuit simulation of silicon-based RF integrated circuits (CAD tool: Cadence)

• DRC (Design Rule Check) and LVS (Layout Versus Schematic) of RF ICs (CAD tool: Cadence) 

• Circuit and system simulations of power amplifiers with modulated signals (CAD tool: ADS) 

• Electromagnetic simulations for antenna design (CAD tool: CST)

• Electromagnetic simulations for passive microwave circuits (CAD tool: HFSS) 

• Simulation of Pulse Optics and propagation (CAD tools: Matlab/Fiberdesk

Suggested Bibliography

• Alan Hastings – The Art of Analog Layout – Prentice Hall – ISBN:978-013087-061-2 

• Jose C. Pedro, David E. Root, Jianjun Xu and Luis C. Nunes – The Cambridge RF and Microwave Engineering Series – ISBN:978-1-107-14059-2 

• Stephen A Mass, Nonlinear microwave and RF circuits – Artech House – ISBN:978-158053-611-0 

• John Rogers and Calvin Plett, Radio Frequency Integrated Circuit Design – Artech House – ISBN:978-1-60783-979-8 

Methods of Delivery

Labs

Methods of Assessment and Weighting

Defense (25mn) in front of an academic jury (20mn of questions) about a prepared topic

Credit Units (ECTS): 3

Pre-requisites

Principles of laser emission in condensed matter and construction of laser resonators. Understanding linear propagation in free space (diffraction, propagation through lenses) and in optical fibers (including role of chromatic dispersion in pulsed regime). Non-linear interactions in optical media, including waveguides.

Course Aims

• To analyze the space-time correspondence through the formalism governing coherent optical field propagation focusing on the mapping between beam propagation in free space and short pulses in optical fibers.

• To learn how to detect light and how to characterize coherent sources in space and time.

• To learn how to tailor the relevant parameters of coherent light sources.

• To learn how the interplay between linear and non-linear effects in optical waveguides affects light propagation

Learning outcomes

On successful completion of this module a student will be able to : • Setup the suited CAD approach of the main scientific simulation issues involved in the analysis and design of passive and active RF and microwave systems

• Develop its own expertise and use of up to date CAD tools whatever the scientific domain in RF, high-frequency and optical applications,
• Be aware of the main issues of simulation and its required comparison with measurement tools and methods

Indicative Content

• Circuit simulations of high-frequency low-noise and nonlinear high-frequency electronic circuits (CAD tool: ADS) 

• Design flow of silicon-based RF integrated circuits (CAD tool: Cadence) 

• Circuit and system simulations of power amplifiers with modulated signals (CAD tool: ADS) 

• Electromagnetic simulations for antenna design (CAD tool: CST) 

• Electromagnetic simulations for passive microwave circuits (CAD tool: HFSS)

Suggested Bibliography

• Jose C. Pedro, David E. Root, Jianjun Xu and Luis C. Nunes – The Cambridge RF and Microwave Engineering Series – ISBN:978-1-107-14059-2 

• Stephen A Mass, Nonlinear microwave and RF circuits – Artech House – ISBN:978158053-611-0

• John Rogers and Calvin Plett, Radio Frequency Integrated Circuit Design – Artech House – ISBN:978-1-60783-979-8

Methods of Delivery

Lecture & tutorials

Methods of Assessment and Weighting

Defense (25mn) in front of an academic jury (20mn of questions) about a prepared topic

Credit Units (ECTS): 4.5

Pre-requisites

Propagation in optical fibers. Electromagnetic theory of propagation: theoretical determination of guided modes in step-index optical fibers with cylindrical symmetry. Main linear properties of step-index fibers. Knowledge on nonlinear phenomena in optical fibers. Principles of laser emission in condensed matter. Knowledge of photonics computer aided design tools such as COMSOL Multiphysics.

Course Aims

• To know the main families of photonic crystal fibers (PCF) and their key applications. 

• To understand the guiding principles in photonic crystal fibers (modified total internal reflection, photonic bandgap, anti-resonance), and their main propagation properties. 

• To be familiar with speciality optical fiber families, their manufacturing methods, and their specific applications. 

• To understand the main fabrication steps of photonic crystal fibers. 

• To know various functionalization processes for optical fibers and the resulting properties for specific applications. 

• To be aware of existing solutions and understand the challenges faced in industrial settings

Learning outcomes

Upon completion of the course, the student will be able to describe the various families of specialty optical fibers and understand their operating principles. He/she will be able to identify the advantages and limitations of each type of fiber for specific applications. He/she will be able to apply this knowledge to the design of complex photonic systems (laser, sensors, communication…).

Indicative Content

Fundamentals of propagation in specialty optical fibers, with Prof. Raphaël Jamier (12h30)

Starting from conventional step-index fibers, we understand the evolution of the fiber design for laser applications (double-clad fibers, large mode area fibers) and the bend-loss-induced mode-filtering is highlighted. Also, some fiber-based components (such as pump/signal combiners and cladding-pump stripper) are discussed. We describe the new paradigm offered by the air-silica microstructured fibers, by understanding the main properties offered by this fiber family. We show how the heterogeneous cladding structure enables special properties such as endlessly singlemode operation, tailored modal confinement loss, chromatic dispersion management. Special fiber architectures dedicated to high-power fiber lasers are detailed. We discuss the concept of 1D and 2D photonic bandgaps in optical fibers. Finally, we show the application fields of unconventional fibers: high-power lasers, supercontinuum sources, sensors…

Close-up on hollow-core PCF, with Dr. Frédéric Gérôme (2h30)

We present a historical account of hollow-core PCF (HCPCF), from their early development to their applications. We also organize a lab tour to show the potential of HCPCF for nonlinear gas-laser interaction. The technology transfer will be also discussed in relation with the start-up Glophotonics (visit of the start-up).

Practical works, with Dr. Georges Humbert and Dr. Philippe Roy (15h)

The 15h pratical work is devoted to the fabrication of a photonic crystal fiber using facilities of the XLIM lab (drawing towers). Every fabrication step is performed, from the design of the stack using off-the-shelf rods and tubes, to the drawing of the capillaries, the stack and preform assembly, the drawing of the canes, and the drawing of the final fiber. The fiber end facets are characterized by scanning electron microscopy.

Suggested Bibliography

• « Photonic Crystals: Towards Nanoscale Photonic Devices », Springer, ISBN 978-3-540-27701-9 (2005) * « Foundations of photonic crystal fibres », Argyros and collaborators, Imperial College Press, ISBN : 978-1848167285 (2012)

• « Photonic crystal fibers : properties and applications » F. Poli and collaborators, Springer, ISBN 978-1-4020-6325-1 (2007)

• “Advanced fiber optics: concepts and technology”, EPFL Press, ISBN: 2940222436 / 9782940222438, 2011

• “Handbook of Optical Fibers”, Springer Singapore, 2019 ISBN 9811070857, 9789811070853, 2019

Methods of Delivery

Lecture & tutorials

Methods of Assessment and Weighting

1 written test about lectures (weight 0.5)

1 report about practical works (weight 0.5)

Credit Units (ECTS): 3

Pre-requisites

Principles of laser emission in condensed matter. Linear propagation in optical fibers (including role of chromatic dispersion in pulsed regime). Basics of non-linear interactions in optical media, including waveguides. Linear and nonlinear susceptibilities c(i=1,2,3). Basics of nonlinear optics: Pockels and Kerr effects, 2nd and 3rd optical harmonic generation, three and four wave mixing, Brillouin and Raman scatterings.

Course Aims

• To learn nonlinear signal processing methods and associated materials enabling ultrafast pulse time measurement. 

• To learn the main techniques for ultrashort pulse complete characterization (time and frequency amplitude and phase distributions). 

• To use nonlinear optics (particularly second harmonic generation) as a non-invasive tool to address one specific physical phenomenon (the phase transition) in materials science.

Learning outcomes

Upon completion of the course, the student will understand: 

• the working principles of the more usual time measurement devices. 

• the reasons for the choice of a given measurement device considering the characteristics of a particular pulse.

• the circumstances leading to the manifestation of nonlinear optical effects 

• the importance of the crystalline symmetry in 2nd order nonlinear optics 

• the physical concepts of phase and quasi-phase matching 

• how to use 2nd order nonlinear optics as an indirect structural tool to evidence phase transitions in materials science 

• optical pulse propagation and frequency conversion processes in 3rd order nonlinear media via a combination of simulation and experimental study approaches. He/she will also apprehend some concrete applications deriving specifically from diverse nonlinear optical effects.

 Indicative Content

Lectures on “Introduction to ultrafast optics, from the picosecond to the attosecond domain” by Prof. Frédéric Louradour (9h)

Time and frequency pulse complete (amplitude and phase) representations. Method for the choice of the proper characterization method(s). Cases for which optoelectronics can be used (ultrafast photodiode and streak camera). Cases for which nonlinear optics signal processing is mandatory. Basics of nonlinear phenomena and associated materials for signal processing. All optical sampling through cross-correlation with a reference pulse. Reference-less techniques. Autocorrelation including interferometric autocorrelation. Sonographic measurement. Frequency resolved optical gating (FROG device). Spectral interferometry applied to pulse measurement. SPIDER and SIPRIT methods.

Conference on “Smart Nonlinear Photonics” by Dr. Benjamin Wetzel (1h30)

From ultrafast optical pulse processing to the control of nonlinear fiber propagation dynamics. We discuss various phenomena associated with spectral broadening during nonlinear propagation of ultrashort pulses in guided optics. Specifically, we focus on the ways of tailoring fs-ps pulses and controlling their subsequent propagation dynamics. We detail advanced optical characterization techniques allowing for the monitoring of broadband and incoherent optical signals. We further review practical means of optimizing the ouptut signal properties via AI-based tools, and finally discuss particular applications in e.g. imaging and metrology.

Practical works (20h)

A) Second Harmonic Generation (SHG) on powder samples, with Prof. Jean-René Duclère (5h)

We show that SHG can be exploited as a sign of a phase transition in BaTiO3 (ferroelectric / paraelectric transition) induced by a variation in temperature. We conduct temperature dependent measurements and show the importance of the crystalline symmetry.

B) 2nd and 3rd order nonlinear optics in ultrashort pulse regime, with Prof. Frédéric Louradour (5h)

We propose several basic experiments to observe 2nd and 3rd order nonlinear optics in femtosecond and picosecond regimes. i) Optical sum frequency generation (SFG) within a second order (c(2)) crystals (e.g. BBO) using an infrared femtosecond oscillator: laser characterization, SFG setup adjustment, polarizations of involved signals vs crystal orientation, SFG signal measurement (ISFGµILaser2), crystals of various thicknesses, application to pulse characterization using a second order home-made autocorrelator; practical study of an interferometric autocorrelator using two-photon absorption inside a photodiode ; practical study of a frequency resolved optical gating device (FROG device) ; practical study of a spectral phase reference-less measurement device (SPIRIT device). ii) Stimulated Raman scattering within a silica optical fiber using a green picosecond microchip laser: laser characterization, fiber injection, multiple Raman cascading observation using a visible spectrometer, SiO2 Raman Stokes-shift measurement.

C) Soliton generation and propagation in nonlinear optical fibers, with Prof. Sébastien Février (5h)

We study third-order nonlinear effects in the anomalous dispersion regime of silica optical fibers. Starting from in-house built amplified mode-locked laser delivering picosecond pulses with kilowatt peak power, we observe self-phase modulation, multisolitonic compression and fission, followed by soliton self-frequency shift induced by the intrapulse stimulated Raman scattering. Frequency-doubling of the Raman frequency-shifted soliton is proposed as a mean to produce widely tunable ultrashort pulses for nonlinear microscopy in neurosciences.

D) Supercontinuum generation in highly nonlinear photonic crystal fibers, with Prof. Philippe Leproux (5h)

We investigate the prominent nonlinear phenomena leading to supercontinuum generation in photonic crystal fibers in the long-pulse regime (using sub-nanosecond pump pulses). According to the dispersion regime at the pump wavelength, we observe the spectral signature of modulation instability, four-wave mixing, stimulated Raman scattering and solitonic effects in the visible and infrared ranges. We finally address the power conversion efficiency of these processes to assess the potential of supercontinuum sources for various applications.

Suggested Bibliography

• Fundamentals of optics and photonics

• Eugene Hecht, Optics, fifth edition, Pearson (2016), ISBN 1292096934, 9781292096933, 728 pages

• Bahaa E. A. Saleh, Malvin Carl Teich, Fundamentals of Photonics, Wiley (1991), Print ISBN:9780471839651 |Online ISBN:9780471213741 |DOI:10.1002/0471213748

• Nonlinear fiber optics

• G. Agrawal, Nonlinear Fiber Optics, 6th Edition, Academic Press (2019), 728 pages

Methods of Delivery

Lecture & tutorials

Methods of Assessment and Weighting

Term Paper: 1 report and 1 defense on a particular topic. Defense in front of an academic jury (20 minutes presentation + 20 minutes questions).

Weights: defense 0.67, report 0.33. Each group of two students chooses a topic in the list below or proposes their own topic.

List of topics:

• Nonlinear propagation in optical fibers

• Nonlinear optical techniques for ultrashort pulse characterization 

• Supercontinuum generation in photonic crystal fibers 

• Soliton formation 

• Nonlinear optical imaging techniques 

• Applications of supercontinuum sources

Credit Units (ECTS): 3

Pre-requisites

Electromagnetic theory of propagation in waveguides, waveguide modes, chromatic dispersion, third-order optical nonlinearity, nonlinear Schrödinger equation, principles of laser emission in condensed matter.

Course Aims

• To provide essential understanding of photonics simulation tools

• To illustrate lessons and make them easier to understand via numerical simulations 

• To model and design complicated fiber structures (e.g. hollow-core fibers) 

• To model nonlinear pulse propagation in waveguides

• To model laser amplification in rare-earth doped fibers

learning outcomes

By the end of this series of practical sessions on photonics modeling, students will have acquired a comprehensive set of skills and knowledge that are essential for both academic research and industry applications. These include:

• Fundamental understanding: Students will gain a deep understanding of the principles of optical fiber design, including the physics of guided propagation, the structure of optical fibers, and the various types of fibers used in different applications.

• Simulation Tools: Hands-on experience with industry-standard simulation software will be a key component. Students will learn to use tools such as MATLAB and COMSOL Multiphysics, to create and analyze waveguide and fiber models and to study pulse propagation

Indicative Content

• Full-vectorial modal analysis of fibers and waveguides using COMSOL Multiphysics 

• Simulation of pulse propagation by solving of the generalized nonlinear Schrödinger equation (GNLSE) using MATLAB 

• Simulation of fiber amplifiers and fiber lasers by solving the laser rate equations using MATLAB

Suggested Bibliography

• S. Février, B. Beaudou, and P. Viale, “Understanding origin of loss in large pitch hollow-core photonic crystal fibers and their design simplification,” Opt. Express 18, 5142 (2010) 

• F. Poletti, “Nested antiresonant nodeless hollow core fiber,” Opt. Express 22, 23807 (2014)

• K. Suzuki, H. Kubota, S. Kawanishi, M. Tanaka, and M. Fujita, “Optical properties of a low-loss polarization-maintaining photonic crystal fiber,” Opt. Express 9, 676 (2001)

• J. M. Dudley, G. Genty, and S. Coen, « Supercontinuum generation is photonic crystal fiber, » Rev. Mod. Phys. 78, 1135 DOI: 10.1103/RevModPhys.78.1135

• J. M. Dudley, C. Finot, G. Genty, and R. Taylor, “Fifty years of fiber solitons,” Optics and Photonics News 34 26 (2023)

Methods of Delivery

• Term Paper: 1 report and 1 defense on a particular topic. Defense in front of an academic jury (20 minutes presentation + 20 minutes questions).

• Weights: defense 0.67, report 0.33.

• Each group of two students chooses a topic in the list below or proposes their own topic.

• Modal analysis of hollow-core fibers

• Modal analysis of polarization-maintaining photonic crystal fibers

• Study of Raman soliton dynamics by solving the GNLSE in MATLAB

• Study of all-fiber pulse compression schemes by solving the GNLSE in MATLAB

• Study of rare-earth-doped fiber amplifiers and lasers

• Study of beam propagation by the ABCD matrix method

• Study of beam propagation by the Fourier-transform beam propagation method

Credit Units (ECTS): 4.5

Description will come soon.

Pre-requisites

• Basics notions of Electromagnetism

• Basics on Lasers and interaction between laser and materials

• Basics principles of Optical Fibers

• Mathematical methods for physics and engineering (e.g. Electromagnetic waves )

Module Aims

To provide students with basic notions and understanding of biomaterials, bioimaging and
bioelectromagnetism.

Learning Outcomes

On successful completion of this course, a student will be able to :

• Know the basics of cell biology and physiology to understand the phenomena and interactions that occur between living/materials and living/electromagnetic waves;

• Understand, from this knowledge, diagnostic and/or treatment technologies implementing ceramic biomaterials, biomedical imaging or electromagnetic waves.

Indicative contents

Part I: Cell biology and physiology 

• Molecular basics: from DNA to proteins 

• Cell basics: cell structure (plasma membrane components and functions), organelles, compartmentalization 

• Cell-cell and cell-extracellular matrix communication: how signaling pathways control cell behavior at the interface with biomaterials from environmental stimuli? 

• Cellular biomechanics and cytoskeleton

Part II: Biomaterials 

• Effect of chemical elements (dissolution products) on bone cells and the associated molecular mechanisms 

• Influence of the modification of parameters featuring biomaterial surface properties on cellular behavior

• Interaction proteins/material surface

Part III: Bioimaging 

• From epifluorescence to confocal laser scanning microscopy 

• Multiphoton and vibrational microscopy 

• Label and label-free imaging of biological cells/tissues

Part IV: Bioelectromagnetism 

• General view of bioelectromagnetism 

• Health risk assessment, dosimetry, specific absorption rate 

• Pulse electric field, dielectrophoresis, microfluidics

Suggested Bibliography

• Nanostructured Biomaterials for Regenerative Medicine,” Woodhead Publishing Series in Biomaterials, 2020 (https://doi.org/10.1016/C2017-0-02138-9) 

• “Biomaterials Science – An Introduction to Materials in Medicine,” Academic Press, 2020 (https://doi.org/10.1016/C2017-0-02323-6) 

• “Bioimaging – Imaging by Light and Electromagnetics in Medicine and Biology,” CRC Press, 2020 (https://doi.org/10.1201/9780429260971)

Methods of delivery & learning Hours (h)

Lectures & tutorials

Methods of Assessment and Weighting

Written test, oral test

Credit Units (ECTS): 03 ECTS

Pre-requisites

• General knowledge on Information and Communications technologies (ICT)

• Basics on electronic devices and systems

• Basics on semiconducting materials and devices

• Mathematical methods for physics and engineering

Module Aims

To provide students with a basic understanding in the field of Energy Harvesting specifically applied to sustainable Internet of Things (IoT). The module aims at developing a general knowledge on various energy harvesting technologies that can be deployed to power autonomous sensors and/or objects in the field of IoT and industrial IoT. The module also aims at proposing a concrete approach to student for the design of simple energy harvesting systems (RF rectenna) through their simulation and modelling. Some general knowledge on ultra-low power electronics and energy management systems will also be targeted.

Learning Outcomes

On successful completion of this module a student will be able to :

• Understand the context and challenges in the field of energy harvesting applied to IoT
• Understand the main principles of operation of various energy conversion devices exploiting indoor light, thermal gradients, mechanical motions/vibrations, or ambient RF energy.
• Understand the challenges associated with ultra-low power electronics and energy management in IoT systems 
• Establish a preliminary energy assessment of IoT systems in order to select the most suitable energy harvesting technology.
• Perform a preliminary design of RF-rectenna towards ambient energy harvesting using dedicated tools for their simulation

Indicative Content

• Part 1 (conference, to be confirmed): A general overview of energy harvesting systems integrated to IoT devices.

• Part 2: Indoor photovoltaics for IoT

• Part 3: Thermal energy harvesting for IoT

• Part 4: Operation, design and simulation of rectenna towards RF-energy harvesting (including practical works)

Suggested Bibliography

• M. Alhawari et al, “Energy Harvesting for Self-Powered Wearable Devices”, Springer 2018, ISBN 978-3-319-62577-5 

• Y. K. Tan, “Energy Harvesting Autonomous Sensor Systems”, CRC Press, 2017, ISBN 978-1-351- 83256-4

Methods of Assessment and Weighting

Written test, report or poster presentation

Credit Units (ECTS): 03 ECTS

Pre-requisites

• Basics of CAD tools applied to RF, microwave and optical devices and systems.
• Microwave systems, S-parameters, active and passive microwave devices,
• Analog and digital modulations,
• Low-noise and nonlinear microwave circuits,
• Electromagnetic laws and antenna design,
• Optical systems

Module Aims

• Provide in depth understanding of high-frequency circuit, electromagnetic and optical simulations through intensive practical works on dedicated CAD tools,
• Enhance the use of CAD tools which are extended to modulated and complex RF, microwave and optical systems.
• Acquire the use of up-to-date engineering CAD tools focused on research and development activities.

Learning Outcomes

On successful completion of this module a student will be able to :

• Face the main scientific simulation issues involved in the complex analysis and design of passive and active RF, microwave and optical systems

• Develop its own expertise and use of up to date CAD tools focused on research and development activities

• Be aware of the main issues of simulation and its required comparison with measurement tools and methods

Indicative Content

• Nonlinear high-frequency simulation of power amplifiers (CAD tool: ADS)

• Nonlinear simulation of electro-optical amplitude modulation (CAD tool: ADS) 

• Noise simulation and design of receiver circuits (CAD tool: ADS) 

• Circuit simulation of silicon-based RF integrated circuits (CAD tool: Cadence)

• DRC (Design Rule Check) and LVS (Layout Versus Schematic) of RF ICs (CAD tool: Cadence) 

• Circuit and system simulations of power amplifiers with modulated signals (CAD tool: ADS) 

• Electromagnetic simulations for antenna design (CAD tool: CST)

• Electromagnetic simulations for passive microwave circuits (CAD tool: HFSS) 

• Simulation of Pulse Optics and propagation (CAD tools: Matlab/Fiberdesk

Suggested Bibliography

• Alan Hastings – The Art of Analog Layout – Prentice Hall – ISBN:978-013087-061-2 
• Jose C. Pedro, David E. Root, Jianjun Xu and Luis C. Nunes – The Cambridge RF and Microwave Engineering Series – ISBN:978-1-107-14059-2 
• Stephen A Mass, Nonlinear microwave and RF circuits – Artech House – ISBN:978-158053-611-0 
• John Rogers and Calvin Plett, Radio Frequency Integrated Circuit Design – Artech House – ISBN:978-1-60783-979-8 

Methods of Delivery

Labs

Methods of Assessment and Weighting

Defense (25mn) in front of an academic jury (20mn of questions) about a prepared topic

Credit Units (ECTS): 3

Pre-requisites

• Basic notions of 3D drawing

• Basic notions on mechanical manufacturing

• Basics basic notions of microwave components (from TU MPC)

• Mathematical methods for physics and engineering (e.g. …)

Module Aims

To teach students a basic understanding of the production processes based on additive manufacturing technologies (metal, ceramic and plastic) and on heterogeneous integration of RF sub-systems using such 3D printing technologies.

Learning Outcomes

Upon successful completion of this module, a student will be able to :

• Understand the design rules related to each additive manufacturing technology

• Understand the industrial issues related to the technology

• Establish the positioning (advantages and disadvantages) of additive manufacturing compared to other manufacturing technologies

• Establish the current and future RF components and subsystems in industrial production

Indicative Content

• Part I: Basics on microwave domain (Lectures: 3h) 

• Microwave domain and additive manufacturing in RF front-end

• Theory of transmission line

• S-parameters * Waveguide and 3D resonators

• Microwave filtering

• Part II: Basics on additive manufacturing (Lectures: 3h)

• Additive processes review * Digital chain for additive manufacturing

• 3D printing hybridation for ceramic metal part dedicated to micro-electronic

• Part III: Additive manufacturing on RF components (Lectures: 3h)

• Different benefit from different materials: polymers, metals, ceramics Applications: antennas, filters, signal routing, metasurfaces and metamaterials etc…

• Different technologies: 3D printing and conformal printing for microwave devices

• Advanced materials: low-loss polymers, temperature stable metals and ceramics etc…

• Future trends: 4D printing, submicron printing

Suggested Bibliography

• Gibson, D. Rosen, B. Stucker, M. Khorasani, “Additive Manufacturing Technologies”, 3rd Edition, Spinger, 2021

• Claude Barlier et Alain Bernard, “Fabrication Additive”, Collection Technique et ingénierie, Edition Dunod, novembre 2020

Methods of Assessment and Weighting

Written test, report or poster presentation

Credit Units (ECTS): 03 ECTS

Description will come soon

Description will come soon

Pre-requisites

• Microwave systems, S parameters, active and passive microwave devices, 

• Analog and digital modulations, link budget, 

• Signal processing for digital communication.

Course Aims

• Provide basic understanding on RF architectures from a functional transmission chain built through several practical works. 

• Acquire an overview of engineering CAD tools dedicated to system level simulation, and RF front-end components design. 

• Learn the basics of designing and characterizing the components of a transmission chain. 

• Acquire general notions on signal measurement techniques and performance metrics.

Learning outcomes

On successful completion of this module a student will be able to:

• Understand the dimensioning rules of an RF (radio frequency) transmission chain. 
• Understand how to analyze the performance of a RF link 
• Setup the instrumentation to characterize linear and nonlinear high frequency devices, and signal quality

Indicative contents

• Part I: system level RF chain analysis 

• Digital Modulation /Demodulation 

• General Front end architecture * Propagation channel & Link budget 

• Signal to noise ratio estimation

• Part II: Analog device design 

• Power Amplifier and LNA design

• Patch antennas and feeding networks design 

• Microstrip filters synthesis

• Practical Works : 

• System level CAD training : Matlab / SystemVue 

• Component design CAD training (ADS, CST MS, HFSS) 

• Experimental practical works on: o Waveform generation and signal analysis o Antenna measurements in semi-anechoic room o Filter measurements o Amplifier measurements

Suggested Bibliography

Jose C. Pedro, David E. Root, Jianjun Xu and Luis C. Nunes – The Cambridge RF and Microwave Engineering Series – ISBN:978-1-107-14059-2 
Stephen A Mass, Nonlinear microwave and RF circuits – Artech House – ISBN:978158053-611-0
John Rogers and Calvin Plett, Radio Frequency Integrated Circuit Design – Artech House – ISBN:978-1-60783-979-8

Methods of Delivery

• Part I: Lecture (2h) Tutorial (3h) Practical work (3h) 

• Part II: Tutorial (9h) Practical work (6h)

Methods of Assessment and Weighting

Report on lecture & tutorials & Practical works

Weight: 100%

Credit Units (ECTS): 3

Description will come soon

Pre-requisites

• Provide the essential skills required to efficiently design and measure MMIC circuits, 

• Acquire the specific techniques of on-wafer measurement and MMIC design, which are widely sought after in public and industrial research and development,

Course Aims

• Basics of MMIC technology from wafer definition and process to device fabrication 

• Electrical modeling of the main MMIC components (MIM capacitors, spiral and sectangular inductors, active and metallic resistors, microstrip lines…) 

• Dedicated CAD methods applied to step by step MMIC design examples of circuit through tutorials and practicals (CAD tools: ADS) 

• Tutorials on mixed technologies (Electro-Absorption Modulator for high rate optical communications)

• Tutorials on reverse engineering 

• On-wafer measurement techniques (On-wafer probing station) 

• Microwave characterization method of material characteristics

Learning outcomes

On successful completion of this module a student will be able to:

• Master the circuit modeling techniques of MMIC components, 

• Develop its own designs of passive and active MMIC circuits, 

• Setup and use the on-wafer characterization of microwave devices and circuits, 

• Develop the specific CAD methods of MMIC circuits using design kits

• Knowledge of reverse engineering

• Design method in the context of SWaP-C

Indicative contents

• Basics of MMIC technology from wafer definition and process to device fabrication 

• Electrical modeling of the main MMIC components (MIM capacitors, spiral and sectangular inductors, active and metallic resistors, microstrip lines…) 

• Dedicated CAD methods applied to step by step MMIC design examples of circuit through tutorials and practicals (CAD tools: ADS)

• Tutorials on mixed technologies (Electro-Absorption Modulator for high rate optical communications) 

• Tutorials on reverse engineering 

• On-wafer measurement techniques (On-wafer probing station) 

• Microwave characterization method of material characteristics

Suggested Bibliography

• Steve Marsh – Practical MMIC Design – Artech House – ISBN: 978-1-59693-036-0

Methods of Assessment and Weighting

Defense (25mn) in front of an academic jury (20mn of questions) about a prepared studied topic

Credit Units (ECTS): 3

Pre-requisites

• Fundamentals of Electromagnetics

• Signal Processing Basics

• RF (Radio Frequency) Electronics 

• Engineering Mathematics (Fourier Analysis, Convolution, etc.)

Course Aims

By the end of this module, students will be able to: 

• Understand the fundamental operating principles of radar systems 

• Explore the physical principles governing radar systems. 

• Identify various radar architectures and their applications

• Analyse radar signals and the associated physical constraints 

• Design and simulate a basic radar system 

• Evaluate the performance of a radar system (range, resolution, etc.) 

• Understand the fundamentals of radar signal processing.

Learning outcomes

Upon successful completion of this module, students will be able to:

• Explain the physical principles of radar operation and derive the radar equation. 

• Differentiate between major radar types (pulsed, CW, FMCW, …). 

• Analyse radar signals using appropriate signal processing techniques. 

• Design and simulate a basic radar system using MATLAB or SystemVue. 

• Evaluate the performance of a radar system, including range, resolution, and susceptibility to noise and clutter. 

• Communicate radar concepts effectively through technical reports or presentations.

Indicative contents

• General introduction and physical principles

• Radar technology and Application domains 

• Radar equation: detection, range, propagation loss, resolution, SNR…

• Radar Types

• Pulsed radar

• Continuous Wave (CW) and Frequency-Modulated CW (FMCW) radar 

• Noise radar

• Radar Signal Processing 

• Matched filtering 

• Pulse compression 

• Correlation, detection, estimation 

• FFT and Doppler spectra

• Tutorials and Labs

• Study of simulated radar signals (MATLAB, SystemVue) 

• FMCW radar simulation

• Practical works on ultra wide band antenna measurement, radar imaging, FMCW Radar Architecture, Doppler analysis, …

Suggested Bibliography

• M.I. Skolnik, Introduction to Radar Systems

• Nadav Levanon, Radar Principles

Methods of Assessment and Weighting

Lab report

Credit Units (ECTS): 3

Pre-requisites

Fiber optics principle. Lightwave propagation in optical waveguides. Optical and RF. Signal modulation. S-matrix of RF components. Signal processing. Signal distortion

Course Aims

• To learn theory and technologies of optical modulation and modulators 

• To learn principles, functions, performances and applications of microwave photonics systems

• To use microwave photonics devices and systems for the transmission of complex modulated signals by mixed optical fiber and RF systems.

Learning outcomes

Upon completion of the course, the student will know the optical and RF functions that can be completed by microwave photonics systems. He/she will understand the way to modulate a light wave by high frequency complex signals. He/she will know how to evaluate performances of microwave photonics systems including noise, and will be able to experimentally use and characterize microwave photonics components and systems.

Effective communication of technical information is crucial. Students will practice writing technical report, creating presentation, and delivering oral presentation to convey their findings and insights clearly and professionally.

Indicative content

• Lectures (15h)

• Microwave photonics: from modulation to RF signal processing, with Prof. Philippe Di Bin (12h)

• Introduction to simulation of microwave photonics links, with Prof. Guillaume Neveux (3h)

• Practical works, with Prof. Philippe Di Bin and Prof. Guillaume Neveux (15h)

Intensity modulations with LiNbO3 modulators (3h)

We characterize and use LiNbO3 Intensity modulators for analog and digital modulation. The effects of biasing, RF input power and input optical on output signal properties are investigated.

Complex modulations with LiNbO3 modulators (3h)

We use an I-Q LiNbO3 modulator in order to produce lightwave modulation in the complex domain. Analog modulations are implemented such as Single Side Band (SSB) modulation, Carrier Suppressed- Dual Side Band Modulation (CS-DSB) and optical frequency shifting Modulation (SM). Digital complex modulation such as QPSK and N-QAM optical modulations are implemented.

Relative intensity noise and phase noise of lasers (3h)

We propose to use two setups during the practical work to measure laser noise. The first one is for the measurement of the Relative Intensity Noise (RIN), corresponding to the time domain optical power fluctuations of lasers. The second one is a self-homodyne laser spectrum width measurement setup. It is based on a highly unbalanced (in terms of propagation time) Mach-Zehnder optical fiber interferometer and gives spectral properties and stability of the CW laser under test.

RF free space transmission of optically carried microwave signals – Numerical simulation (3h)

This practical work is the numerical simulation part of a microwave photonics links. The power budget of the link is studied from the properties of optical, optoelectronic and RF components. 

RF free space transmission of optically carried microwave signals – Experimental setup (3h)

This practical work is the experimental part of the microwave photonics links previously studied by numerical simulation. The students implement the setup and characterize it with optical and RF instruments.

Suggested Bibliography

• Microwave Photonics, from components to applications and systems, Anne Vilcot, Béatrice Cabon and Jean Chazelas, Klumer Academic Publishers, Boston, 2003. ISBN 1-4020-7362-3 

• D. Marpaung,

• J. Yao, and J. Capmany, “Integrated microwave photonics,” Nature Photon 13, 80–90 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41566-018-0310-5 

• J. Capmany and D. Novak, “Microwave photonics combines two worlds,” Nat. Photon. 1, 319–330 (2007). 

• J. S. Fandiño, P. Muñoz, D. Doménech, and J. A Capmany, “Monolithic integrated photonic microwave filter,” Nat. Photon. 11, 124–129 (2016). 

• A. J. Seeds and K.J. Williams, “Microwave photonics,” Journal of Lightwave Technology 24, 4628–4641 (2006).

• J. Yao, “Microwave photonics,” Journal of Lightwave Technology 27, 314–335 (20009)

Methods of Assessment and Weighting

• Term Paper: 1 report and 1 defense on a particular topic. Defense in front of an academic jury (20 minutes presentation + 20 minutes questions).

• Weights: defense 0.67, report 0.33.

• Each group of two students chooses a topic in the list below or proposes their own topic. List of topics:

• Technology of LiNbO3 modulators

• Semiconductor optical modulators

• LiNbO3 modulator Vp measurement methods

• Non-linearity response of LiNbO3 modulators and linearization methods 

• Demodulation of IQ modulated optical signals

Credit Units (ECTS): 3

Description will come soon

Pre-requisites

Fundamentals of propagation in free-space optics and waveguides. Fundamentals of nonlinear optics. A taste for the application of photonic technologies to biology and medicine.

Course Aims

• To learn the fundamental concepts of optical imaging.

• To learn the main linear and nonlinear techniques for sample analyzis, imaging and sensing at different scales, by measuring both the intensity and the phase of light. 

• To study how approaches based on optical spectroscopy can provide additional information from the sample.

Learning outcomes

Upon completion of the course, the student will have a good understanding of the various photonics-based imaging and spectroscopy techniques and devices.

Indicative content

Fundamentals of optical imaging, with Prof. Julien Brévier (4.5 h)

We provide a comprehensive introduction to photonic imaging, covering a wide range of wavelengths and object types. It addresses fundamental concepts of detection, contrast modality, quantification of objects, as well as the complete imaging chain. We emphasize transversality of these concepts with extension to image analysis and data management.

Quantitative phase microscopy, with Dr. Pierre Bon (4.5 h)

At the micro- and nano-scales, most of the organic samples become transparent to visible/near infrared light. It means that the contrast of optical microscopy is very poor, especially on biological samples. We describe cutting edge technologies that merge interferences with imaging to measure the phase of the light, increasing the visibility of the living matter -from single viruses to biological tissues- while extracting key parameters such as the mass at the micro/nanoscale.

High-resolution imaging for astronomy, with Prof. Ludovic Grossard (4.5 h)

Very high-resolution imaging by aperture synthesis involves operating multiple telescopes as a network. By analyzing the mutual coherence of the collected optical fields, it is possible to retrieve information about the spatial frequency spectrum of the observed object. This approach achieves angular resolution far superior to that of each individual telescope, as it depends not on the diameter of a single telescope but on the distance between the telescopes in the array. Using fiber links between telescopes allows for kilometer-scale separations, granting access to details that are currently unattainable. Finally, nonlinear optical techniques such as sum-frequency generation can extend the accessible spectral bands into the thermal infrared.

Optical spectroscopy methods for biosensing applications, with Dr. Georges Humbert (3 h)

Light offers numerous opportunities for analyzing and sensing materials with minimal preparation and deterioration. We describe the main methods, such as Raman and fluorescence spectroscopies, advanced versions relying on nanostructured materials (ex. surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy) and specialty optical fibers, and their application to biosensing.

Supercontinuum-based FTIR spectro-microscopy, with Prof. Sébastien Février (4.5 h)

Hyperspectral imaging identifies an object by analyzing the spectrum produced when it interacts with broadband light. We describe diffraction-limited spectro-microscopy based on Fourier-transform infrared spectrometer coupled with infrared microscope and supercontinuum laser source, and its application to histopathology for fast, accurate and minimally invasive medical diagnostic.

THz imaging and spectroscopy, with Dr. Georges Humbert (1.5 h)

THz waves (from 300 GHz to 10 THz) interact with polar molecules while non-metallic materials weakly absorb them, offering novel opportunities in material imaging and analysis. We describe the current THz imaging and spectroscopy methods, and their applications in non-destructive industrial inspection and analysis.

Nonlinear optical microscopy/microspectroscopy, with Prof. Philippe Leproux (4.5 h)

We first describe the main concepts of nonlinear optical microscopy, based on second and third order optical processes such as two/three photon fluorescence (2PF/3PF) and second/third harmonic generation (SHG/THG). Then we introduce advanced imaging concepts exploiting Raman scattering, namely coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering (CARS) and stimulated Raman scattering (SRS). Finally, we outline the use of supercontinuum-based CARS microspectroscopy for label-free 2D/3D bioimaging, with the associated challenges in terms of instrumentation and data processing/analysis.

Conferences on cutting-edge concepts in imaging and spectroscopy by recognized experts (3 h)

Topics among super-resolution microscopy, light sheet microscopy, photothermal spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, nonlinear endomicroscopy, multimodal imaging.

Suggested Bibliography

• Fundamentals of optics and photonics

• Eugene Hecht, Optics, fifth edition, Pearson (2016), ISBN 1292096934, 9781292096933, 728 pages

• Bahaa E. A. Saleh, Malvin Carl Teich, Fundamentals of Photonics, Wiley (1991), Print ISBN 9780471839651, Online ISBN 9780471213741, 992 pages

• Photonics-based imaging

• Jerome Mertz, Introduction to Optical Microscopy, second edition, Cambridge University Press (2019), ISBN 9781108428309, 462 pages

• Coherent Raman imaging

• Ji-Xin Cheng, Xiaoliang Sunney Xie, Coherent Raman Scattering Microscopy, CRC Press (2018), ISBN 9781138199521, 610 pages

Methods of Assessment and Weighting

• Term Paper: 1 report and 1 defense on a particular topic. Defense in front of an academic jury (20 minutes presentation + 20 minutes questions).

• Weights: defense 0.67, report 0.33. Each group of two students chooses a topic in the list below or proposes their own topic.

• List of topics:

• Fundamentals of microscopy

• Multiphoton microscopy

• Coherent Raman imaging

• Infrared spectro-microscopy

• THz imaging

• Optical imaging in astronomy

• Applications of optical spectroscopy

Credit Units (ECTS): 3

Pre-requisites

• Fourier transform,

• basic Concepts of Probability and Random Variables,

• basic concepts of linear algebra.

Module Aims

The aim of this course is the analysis of the principal error control coding techniques and digital modulation techniques used in the modern communication systems (WiFi, WiMax, Digital Power Lines, Terrestrial Digital Video Broadcasting, etc.).

Learning Outcomes

On successful completion of this module a student will be able to understand the fundamentals of modulation systems and coding techniques.

Indicative Content

• Introduction.

• Modulation and demodulation for the AWGN channel

• Characterization of signals and noise waveforms.

• Modulation and demodulation for the Additive White Gaussian Noise channel (AWGN).

• The optimal receiver for the AWGN channel.

• Performance estimation. The Union bound. Examples.

• Digital Modulation Systems (OFDM, CPM, DSSS)

• Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM).

• Transmitter and receiver.

• Channel equalization in the frequency domain.

• Effects of non-linearities.

• Examples of applications of OFDM.

• Continuos Phase Modulation techniques (CPM).

• Full and partial respone CPM.

• Optimal and symplified receivers.

• Power spectrum estimation. Practical examples (GMSK, TFM, …).

• Direct Sequence Spread Spectrum (DSSS) Modulation and Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA) techniques.

• Block and Convolutional Linear Codes

• Linear block codes.

• The generation matrix and the parity check matrix. Cyclic codes. Hard and soft decision decoding. Performance evaluation. Burst error correction. Examples.

• Convolutional codes.

• Definition. Optimum decoding. The Viterbi algorithm. Performance evaluation. Classic concatenated codes. Examples.

• Recent trends in channel coding

• Turbo codes.

• Low Density Parity Check codes. Examples.

• Examples of modern communications systems

• GSM, UMTS, LTE, xDSL, DPL, DAB, DVB, WiMax, WiFi, Software Radio, Cognitive Radio, MIMO Systems, UWB, RFID, Domotic Applications, Wireless communications in the Smart Cities, etc.

Suggested Bibliography

• Simon Haykin, Communication Systems, 4th ed., Wiley, 2001.

• J. G. Proakis, Digital Communications, McGraw-Hill.

• S. Benedetto, E. Biglieri, Principles of Digital Transmission, Kluwer Academic-Plenum Publishers.

Methods of Delivery

Lessons and examples (60H)

Methods of Assessment and Weighting

Written examination. Discussion of a project.

Credit Value (ECTS): 6

Pre-requisites

Knowledge of digital and analog electronics fundamentals is useful.

Module Aims

Learning design of (digital) embedded systems is a fundamental necessity for a telecommunication engineer. This course provides necessary instruments to achieve that goal.

Learning Outcomes

On successful completion of this module, a student will be able to understand the fundamentals of digital systems and embedded systems programming.

Indicative Content

• embedded systems introduction,

• digital systems (combinatorial and sequential logic, finite state machine: HW and SW implementation). CMOS technology,

• numerical representation. Fixed and floating point. Fractional numbers,

• microprocessors, microcontrollers and DSPs,

• memory devices. Cache memories,

• embedded systems programming: assembler and C. Memory mapped I/O and Programmed I/O. Polling loop and interrupt handling,

• local and remote model of I/O devices. Network topologies. RS232. SPI,

• programming and debugging tools. Logic state,

• PLD technologies and devices,

• il VHDL – basic concepts,

• il VHDL – FSM,

• laboratory: the Microchip dsPIC33F and the ALtera FPGA Cyclone III with their IDEs.

Suggested Bibliography

• Embedded Systems: A Contemporary Design Tool, J.K. Peckol, Wiley, ISBN: 978-0-471-72180-2.

• The Scientist and Engineer’s Guide to Digital Signal Processing, S.W. Smith.

• Mixed-Signal and DSP Design Techniques, edited by Walt Kester (Newnes, 2003).

• Digital Logic and Microprocessor Design with VHDL, E.O. Hwang (Nelson, 2006).

Methods of Delivery

In the classroom lectures, the student will learn more about the hardware architecture aspects of GPP, ASIP and PLD, their internal building blocks, operation principles, interfacing with other digital systems etc. In the laboratory sessions, the student will learn more about the (low level) language programming of these devices, and how use them for actual implementing complex digital systems (e.g. Microchip dsPIC33F, Altera Cyclone III.). (60H)

Methods of Assessment and Weighting

Course grading is based on a written test about the course topics (accounting for 70% of the final grade) and a lab test or creative lab project reporting and discussion (accounting for 30% of the final grade).

Credit Value (ECTS): 6

Pre-requisites

• fundamentals of measurement theory,

• circuit theory,

• fundamental of electronics.

Module Aims

The course presents the fundamentals of methods, techniques, and instruments used both in the installation and for the maintenance of the telecommunication apparatuses.

Learning Outcomes

Introduction to techniques and instruments for characterization, testing and monitoring of telecommunication installations. The unit provides the student with the know-how which is required to correctly select and apply the right measurements techniques as well as to use the corresponding instruments indispensable to correctly operate a modern complex telecommunication installation. The techniques required by copper and fiber channels are introduced.

Indicative Content

• Systems for the acquisition of measurements

• What, when and why do we measure in telecommunications.

• The measuring chain. Analog and digital signal processing in a measuring chain.

• Signal and systems characterization.

• Time-domain versus frequency-domain measurements.

• The decibel scales.

• Measurements in the frequency domain

• the bank-of-filters spectrum analyzer,

• FFT spectrum analyzer,

• swept spectrum analyzer,

• real-time bandwidth spectrum analyzers,

• distortion measurements,

• electronic noise measurements.

• Measurements of optical quantities,

• optical power measurements,

• thermoelectrical power meters,

• PIN photo-detectors,

• electronic optical power meters,

• insertion loss measurements on optical devices,

• the optical spectrum analyzer,

• the optical time-domain reflectometer.

Suggested Bibliography

• Robert A. Witte, Spectrum & Network Measurement, Noble.

• Dennis Derickson, Fiber Optic Test and Measurement, Prentice Hall.

• Robert A. Witte, Electronic test instruments: Analog and Digital measurements, Prentice Hall.

Methods of Delivery

The course is organized as theory lessons and laboratory sessions. (30H).

Methods of Assessment and Weighting

Oral Exam.

Credit Value (ECTS): 3

Pre-requisites

Students should be confident in working with new concepts and ideas, besides mastering “basic” techniques developed in the previous three years of their engineering curriculum.

Module Aims

The course aims at teaching the fundamentals of quantum mechanics and nano-engineering.

Learning Outcomes

On successful completion of this module a student will be able to understand the fundamentals of quantum mechanics and of its applications in electronics and telecommunications.

Indicative Content

Nano-engineering: Basic principles.

• The emergence of the nano-world: from “classical” to “quantum” mechanics.

• the electron,

• discrete energy levels,

• wave function,

• quantum observables,

• quantum probabilities,

• uncertainty relations,

• the Schrödinger equation,

• quantum superposition principle,

• entanglement and non-locality (basics),

• the photon,

• quantum states of the electromagnetic field (basics),

• quantum coherence & photon-atom interactions (basics),

• quantum interference,

• the spin,

• the electron orbital & intrinsic (spin) angular momentum,

• the proton spin,

• manipulating the spin (basics),

• Some Applications: Nanoelectronics, Spintronics and Nanophotonics.

• low-dimensional Semiconductor Structures (basics.),

• quantum wells,

• nano-wires and quantum dots (basics),

• single electron devices and electron tunneling devices,

• photonic Band-Gap Materials,

• light propagation at the nanoscale (basics),

• nano-resonators,

• photon confinement (basics),

• tunable photonic band-gap mechanisms (basics),

• taming the “quantum” to process information: “spin qubits” and “flying quibits”.

Suggested Bibliography

University Physics [Volume II Paperback] by Philip R. Kesten and David L. Tauck.

Methods of Delivery

Lectures, seminars and class discussion. (60H)

Methods of Assessment and Weighting

Written and/or oral examinations.

Credit Value (ECTS): 6

Pre-requisites

Basic knowledge of optics and electromagnetics.

Module Aims

The course aims at teaching the physical fundamentals of optical and microwave remote sensing systems.

Learning Outcomes

On successful completion of this module a student will know the basics of the operation of optical systems for remote sensing and will be able to evaluate which physical phenomena limit their performance

Indicative Content

• Radiometric quantities and thermal radiation: regions of the electromagnetic spectrum, diffraction, radiometric quantities (radiance, irradiance, radiant exitance), black body radiation, solar radiation, interaction of electromagnetic radiation with matter and atmosphere.

• Visible and near infrared remote sensing: aerial photographic systems and their resolution, scale of the formed image, electro-optical systems, step-stare and push-broom imaging.

• Ray tracing simulations by using the software tool Beam Four.

• Platforms for remote sensing: gravitational force and satellites, orbits and ground-tracks, geostationary and geosynchronous orbits.

Suggested Bibliography

Physical principles of remote sensing, W. G. Rees, Cambridge University press 2013.

Methods of Delivery

Lectures in classroom (supported by slides, computer programs and the software tool Beam Four).

Methods of Assessment and Weighting

Mandatory written test comprising theoretical questions and exercises. The time available for the written test is 2 hours. Mandatory assignment on ray tracing to be solved by means of Beam Four. The written test contributes three quarters to the final grade and the report on the assignment contributes one quarter to the final grade.

Credit Value (ECTS): 3

Pre-requisites

No prerequisite, it is, however, preferable to have passed an exam of Digital Image Processing.

Module Aims

Students with a background in image processing will have the opportunity to deal with new types of visual data (multi- and hyperspectral data and 3D scanning datasets) and to learn, other than technologies which are specific for the remote sensing domain, also topics of current and more general relevance such as techniques for unsupervised and supervised classification of images or handling and processing of 3D data such as point clouds. Students with background and interests related to the elective application domains (environmental monitoring, terrain analysis…) will find accessible content and opportunity to enrich technical competence and awareness of the use of modern technologies for the analysis of data and images acquired by remote sensing equipment.

Learning Outcomes

This module introduces to a modern technological framework for processing and analysis of visual data from remotely sensed digital data.

Addressed topics include radiometric correction, geometric correction, atmospheric and ground effects, multispectral transforms, with a special focus of the course on machine learning and deep learning solutions for the classification and interpretation of multicomponent and hyperspectral image interpretation. Interdisciplinary applications in earth resource quantification and application of the acquired concepts to other imaging domains (e.g. biomedical).

Indicative Content

• course Introduction,

• image data error sources and correction,

• sources of Radiometric Distortion and their Correction,

• sources of Geometric Distortion and their Correction,

• remote sensing image registration.

• Multispectral Transforms for Image Data:

• the principal components transform

• other multispectral transformations.

• Machine Learning:

• the interpretation of remotely sensed images,

• human assisted and machine learning approaches,

• statistical (parametric) supervised image classification,

• geometric (non-parametric) supervised image classification,

• clustering and unsupervised classification,

• introduction to Deep Learning and Convolutional Neural Networks for multicomponent image analysis.

• Hyperspectral image analysis and interpretation. Laboratory of remote sensing 3D image acquisition and analysis.

Suggested Bibliography

• Remote Sensing Digital Image Analysis: An Introduction, John A. Richards Springer, 4th or 5th edition (2013).

• Image Analysis, Classification, and Change Detection in Remote Sensing: With Algorithms for ENVI/IDL, Morton J. Canty, CRC Press, 2nd edition (2009)

• Essential Image Processing and GIS for Remote Sensing, Jian Guo Liu, Philippa Mason, Wiley, 1st edition (2009).

Methods of Delivery

Lectures, laboratory exercises, visits to production companies, practical assignment to be done independently. (60H)

Methods of Assessment and Weighting

Written exam, facultative oral exam and practical assignment assessment.

Credit Value (ECTS): 6

Pre-requisites

Basics of applied electromagnetism.

Learning Outcomes

Applications of microwaves (terrestrial and satellite communications, radar, remote sensing, wireless), system requirements for elements which must be analyzed and synthesized. Propagation modes (TEM, TE, TM, quasi-TEM), attenuation and dispersion of general waveguides. S-parameter matrix. Analysis of circuit components (impedance transformers, directional couplers, hybrids, circulators, filters).

Indicative Content

• Introduction

• Frequency bands in the electromagnetic spectrum

• Microwaves and millimeter waves

• Applications of microwave engineering to communication systems and sensing

• Basic radar operation.

• Transmission Lines

• Waveguides

• Modes of cylindrical structures and transmission lines

• TEM, TE and TM modes. Parallel plate waveguide.

• Rectangular waveguide

• Planar waveguides (microstrip, stripline)

• Power loss in metallic waveguides.

• Microwave networks

• Equivalent voltages and currents

• N-ports microwave networks

• Impedance and admittance matrices

• The scattering matrix. Generalized scattering parameters

• Lossless networks. Reciprocal networks

• Measurements with a vector network analyzer.

• Impedance matching

• Quarter-wave transformer

• The theory of small reflections and wide-band impedance matching networks

• Binomial multisection matching transformers

• Analysis of periodic structures.

• Microwave resonators

• Series and parallel resonances

• Quality factor Q

• Transmission line resonators

• Rectangular waveguide cavities.

• Microwave components

• Series and parallel resonances

• Quality factor Q

• Transmission line resonators

• Rectangular waveguide cavities.

Suggested Bibliography

• D.M. Pozar, Microwave Engineering, Wiley, 2004

• C.G. Someda, Electromagnetic Waves, CRC Press, 2006.

Methods of Delivery

Lessons and tutorials (60 Hours).

Methods of Assessment and Weighting

Written and oral exam.

Credit Units (ECTS): 6

Course aims

Control engineering deals with the modeling, analysis and change of the dynamics of different kinds of systems.  This course describes different control techniques, from simple to complex systems, including the control of distributed systems. Thus, the course provides an overview of the control field, including concepts such as feedback control, system stabilization, system monitoring and network-based control. The proposed application examples are oriented to radio frequency systems.

An open source tool, EPICS control systems, widely used in large scientific facilities, is used to monitor and control distributed systems.

The concepts are applied in a small practical project valid for the evaluation and grading of the students.

Learning Outcomes

On successful completion of this course, a student will be able to:

• Design and implement simple model based control systems.

• Design and implement simple controllers for RF systems.

• Implement simple EPICS based projects for monitoring and control distributed systems.

• Apply the main concepts related with distributed control systems to a small project using real hardware.

Indicative content

• Introduction to feedback control systems,

• Advanced control in RF applications: Stability and linearization of power amplifiers; LLRF control systems

• Distributed control systems: Main characteristics of distributed systems, architectures for DCS systems, real-time, monitoring and supervision systems, SCADA,

• Introduction to EPICS: Main characteristics of EPICS, distributed control system oriented to large scientific and industrial facilities: IOC controller, Channel Access and Database. Application Examples.

Suggested Bibliography

• K. J. Aström, R. M. Murray, Feedback Systems: An Introduction for Scientists and Engineers, 2020. Link: https://fbswiki.org/wiki/index.php/Feedback_Systems:_An_Introduction_for_Scientists_and_Engineers

• S. Simrock , Z. Geng, Low-Level Radio Frequency Systems, Springer, 2022.

• Andrew S. Tanenbaum, Maarten van Steen, Distributed systems: principles and paradigms, Pearson Prentice Hall, 2007.

• Marty Kraimer et al, EPICS Application Developer’s Guide.

• Jeffrey O. Hill, Ralph Lange , EPICS R3.14 Channel Access Reference Manual. 

Complementory Bibliography

• Gero Mühl, Ludger Fiege, Peter Pietzuch, Distributed event-based systems, Springer-Verlag, 2006.

• Fei-Yue Wang, Derong Liu , Networked Control Systems: Theory and Applications, Springer, 2008. 

Methods of Delivery

• Lectures (H): 15
• Practical Works (H): 15

Methods of Assessment and Weighting

Classroom activities: 30%

Laboratory activities and reports: 70%

Credit Value (ECTS): 3

Course aims

Describe and review basic RF/microwave applications other than communications, including industrial and scientific facilities such as particle accelerators. Learn and develop practical experiments on measurement and controls of RF/microwave high power components.

Learning Outcomes

On successful completion of this course, a student will be able to understand the fundamentals of instrumentation and control systems as applied in RF/microwave scientific and industrial facilities.

Indicative content

• introduction to RF/microwave industrial and scientific facilities,

• case study: Microwave ion sources fundamentals,

• RF particle accelerators instrumentation and control,

• RF-based sensing and diagnostics.

Suggested Bibliography

• Wilson, E. (2001) An introduction to particle accelerators. Oxford University Press.

• Wangler, T. (2008) RF linear accelerators. Wiley-VCH.

• Brandt, D. (Ed.) (2009) CAS Beam Diagnostics. CERN-2009-005.

• Brown, I. G. (Ed.) (2004) The Physics and Technology of Ion Sources 2nd Ed. Wiley-VCH.

Methods of Delivery

• Lectures (H): 22

• Tutorials (H): 4

• Practical Works (H): 4

Methods of assessment:

Classroom activities (30%), Lab activities and reports (70%)

Credit Value (ECTS): 3

Course aim

Providing students with knowledge and skills to allow them to tackle a project in designing a digital system, using programmable logic devices (PLDs) and the latest technologies of digital design with VHDL (Very-high-speed hardware description language).

Learning Outcomes

On successful completion of this course, a student will be able to:

• present methods and tools for digital system design using current programmable logic technology, mainly field programmable gate array (FPGA) devices.

• develop application specific systems for digital signal processing.

Indicative content

• PROGRAMMABLE LOGIC: Internal architecture of current CPLD and FPGA devices. Programming Technologies: floating gate transistors, SRAM cells, anti-fuse elements, etc.

• VHDL HARDWARE DESCRIPTION LANGUAGE

• An introduction to hardware description languages: VHDL and Verilog.

• VHDL for synthesis: concurrent and sequential sentences. Components and systems.

•  CAD DEVELOPMENT TOOLS

• system description, simulation, synthesis, implementation, and device configuration.

• Development of practical applications.

• HARDWARE/SOFTWARE (HW/SW) SYSTEM DESIGN

• heterogeneous HW/SW architectures,

• system-on-chip (SOC) and embedded processors: hard-cores.

• INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY (IP) MODULES

• IP modules design and in-system integration for real-time applications,

• development of a case study.

Suggested bibliography

• Fundamentals of DIGITAL LOGIC with VHDL Design, Stephen Brown and Zvonko Vranesic, 3rd Edition, McGraw-Hill Education, 2009, ISBN: 978-0-07-352953-0.

• FPGA-based Implementation of Signal Processing Systems, R. Woods, J. McAllister, Y. Yi, and G. Lightbody, 2nd Edition, J. Wiley and Sons, 2017, ISBN: 978-1-119-07795-4

• DIGITAL SYSTEM DESIGN WITH FPGA. IMPLEMENTATION USING VERILOG AND VHDL, C. Ünsalan, and B. Tar, Mc Graw Hill Education, 2017, ISBN: 978-1-259-83790-6.

Laboratory Sessions:

• Digilent, “Nexys A7 FPGA Board Reference Manual”, 2019. https://reference.digilentinc.com/programmable-logic/nexys-a7/start

• Xilinx, “7 Series FPGAs Data Sheet: Overview. Product Specification”, DS180 (v2.6.1), 2020. https://www.xilinx.com/products/silicon-devices/fpga/artix-7.html

• Xilinx, “Vivado Design Suite Tutorial. Design Flows Overview”, UG888 (v2020.1), 2020. https://www.xilinx.com/support/documentation/sw_manuals/xilinx2020_1/ug888-vivado-design-flows-overview-tutorial.pdf

Methods of Delivery

• Lectures (H): 10

• Tutorials(H): 5

• Practical Works (H): 15

Methods of assessment and Weighting

• Laboratory and classroom work: 30%

• Homework assignments: 30%

• Final project: 40%

Credit Value (ECTS): 3

Course aims

To understand the basics need of research valorization, its processes and pathways.

Learning Outcomes

• On successful completion of this course, a student will be able to:

• Understand the main mechanisms for knowledge protection

• Understand the processes for identifying and analysing the main channels for the uptake of research and innovation results

• Understand effective and collaborative innovation management actions

• Analysis of a use case

Indicative content

• Introduction to protection strategies (IPR)

• Introduction to patentability and technological vigilance

• Introduction to the assessment of research results: definition of trial-concept, search for funding, search for partners

• Introduction to the preparation, execution, and delivery of projects

Suggested Bibliography

• Mario Biagioli, Peter Galison, “Scientific Authorship: Credit and Intellectual Property in Science “, Taylor & Francis.

Methods of Delivery

• Lectures (H): 18

• Practical Works (H): 12

Methods of Assessment and Weighting

• Classroom activities: 50%

• Practice work and reports: 50%

Credit Value (ECTS): 3

Course aims

This short course (3 ECTS) aims to give the students a meaningful introduction and hands-on experience of what data science is, to teach them how to continue to learn data science, and to give them the desire and skills needed to do so. The provided materials will perform as an index. For each topic, the aim is to give a cursory overview and a simple demonstration of what the topic under investigation is, and guide the students to bigger and better resources to really dive into it.

Learning Outcomes

• On successful completion of this course, a student will be able to:

• Think statistically and perform data-driven research.

• Design Python programs and exploit its data science modules.

• Collect, clean and transform data in order to extract compact representations.

• Perform Exploratory Data Analysis and visualize data and their relations in expressive and meaningful ways.

• Apply Machine Learning techniques to estimate models relating different variables and magnitudes, in order to explain, classify and/or predict behaviours.

Indicative content

• overview,

• data collection, transformation, exploration and visualization,

• machine learning for data modeling.

Suggested Bibliography

Data Science

• Steven S. Skiena. The Data Science Design Manual. Springer, 2017.

• Cathy O’Neil, Rachel Schutt. Doing Data Science. O’Reilly, 2014.

Data Science in Python

• J. Van der Plas. Python Data Science Handbook (2nd Edition). O’Reilly, 2023.

• Wes McKinney. Python for Data Analysis: Data Wrangling with Pandas, NumPy, and Jupyter (3rd Edition). O’Reilly, 2022.

Machine Learning

• Christopher M. Bishop. « Pattern Recognition and Machine Learning ». Springer, 2006.

• Kevin P. Murphy. Probabilistic Machine Learning: An Introduction. The MIT Press, 2022.

Machine Learning in Python

• Aurélien Géron. Hands-On Machine Learning with Scikit-Learn, Keras and TensorFlow (3rd Edition). O’Reilly, 2023.

Methods of Delivery

• Lectures (H): 18

• Practical Works (H): 12

Methods of Assessment and Weights

• Final Exploratory Data Analysis and Machine Learning Project: 100%

Credit Value (ECTS): 3

Course aims

To understand the basics of RF and microwave measurement techniques and systems. To acquire practice in using microwave equipment.

Learning Outcomes

On successful completion of this course, a student will be able to:

• understand the main figures of merit that are measurable in the circuits and sub-systems that form a wireless transceiver.

• understand the principles of the modern RF and microwave measurements equipment.

• work practically with basic equipment for RF and microwave measurements.

• analyze and explain complex measurement set-ups for high frequency circuits

Indicative content

• Review of circuit level and system level Figures of Merit.

• Basic instruments: Power meters, Spectrum analyzers, Vector signal analyzers, Vector network analyzers, Non-linear vector network analyzers, Oscilloscopes and time-domain measurements, and Noise figure meters.

• Modular instrumentation.

• Measurement setups (IMD measurements, active and passive Load-Pull, Pulsed I-V, etc…). 

Suggested Bibliography

• N. Borges, D. Schereurs, Microwave and Wireless Measurement Techniques, Cambridge University Press, 2013.

• V. Teppati, A. Ferrero, M. Sayed, Modern RF and Microwave Measurement Techniques, Cambridge University Press, 2013.

• R.J. Collier and A.D. Skinner (Ed.), Microwave Measurements, IET, 2007, London.

• Exploring the Architectures of VNAs, Agilent Application Note 1287-2.

• Applying Error Correction to Network Analyzer Measurements, Agilent Application Note 1287-3.

Methods of Delivery

• Lectures (H): 20

• Practical Works (H): 20

• Seminars (H): 5

Credit Value (ECTS): 3

Course aims

Describe and review passive and active RF and Microwave devices intended to work under high power levels as it is the case in different applications, including industrial and scientific facilities such as particle accelerators. Learn and develop practical work on RF/microwave high power components.

Learning Outcomes

On successful completion of this course, a student will be able to understand the basics of electronic devices, circuits and systems for power applications in RF and microwaves. 

Indicative content

• RF and microwave power systems,

• Passive and active components.

• RF resonators and their applications. From the sub-millimeter to the meter. Applications ranging from communications to particle accelerators.

• High power amplification devices.

Suggested Bibliography

• R. E. Collin. Foundations for Microwave Engineering. IEEE Press, 2001.

• J. C. Whitaker. The RF Transmission Systems Handbook. CRC Press, 2002.

• I. A. Glover et al. Microwave devices, circuits and subsystems. Wiley, 2005.

• John L. B. Walker. Handbook of RF and Microwave Power Amplifiers. Cambridge University Press., 2012.

• Radio Frequency Engineering. CERN Accelerator School, CERN-2005-003.

Methods of Delivery

• Lectures (H): 20

• Lab sessions (H): 10

Methods of assessment and Weights

Exam/Quiz (40%), Lab reports (60%)

Credit Value (ECTS): 3

Course Aims

Introduction to the science and technology of sensors and sensors as part of measurement systems, with emphasis on microwave planar sensors.

Learning Outcomes

On successful completion of this course, a student will be able to:

• understand the basics of sensors and sensor systems at microwave frequencies.

• apply knowledge of microwave sensor design for different applications.

Indicative content

• Physical principles of sensors: Resistive sensors, inductive and capacitive sensors, piezoelectric sensors, optical sensors, sensors based on semiconductors, magnetic sensors, etc.

• Microwave planar sensors

• Wireless Sensors

• Sensor Networks and Internet of Things (IoT).

Suggested Bibliography

• Ferran Martín, Paris Vélez, Jonathan Muñoz-Enano, Lijuan Su, Planar Microwave Sensors, Wiley, 2022

• J. Fraden, Handbook of Modern Sensors: Physics, Designs, and Applications. Springer 2010.

• G. C. M. Meijer, Smart Sensor Systems. Wiley 2008.

• W. Dargie, C. Poellabauer.  Fundamentals of Wireless Sensor Networks. Theory and Practice. Editorial Willey. 2010.

Methods of Delivery

• Lectures (H): 20

• lab sessions (H): 25

Methods of Assessment and Weighting

• Exam/Quiz (40%), Lab reports (60%)

Credit Value (ECTS): 4.5

Course aims

Software tools are today a key element for the analysis, simulation and design of any kind of systems, including RF and microwave or optics systems. In this course, the Matlab/Simulink and LabVIEW platforms are introduced. Matlab/Simulink are valid for the design and simulation of systems and for the analysis of obtained data. Indeed they include several specialized libraries/toolboxes that allow to speed up the process. On the other hand, LabVIEW platform is a very valuable tool for rapid prototyping, test and experimental validations of systems. It uses a graphical programming language that is tightly connected to the hardware. This allows fast experimental developments.

Learning Outcomes

On successful completion of this course, a student will be able to:

• Design and implement simple Matlab scripts and Simulink models.

• Interconnect Matlab and Simulink to enhance simulation processes.

• Use Matlab toolboxes in her/his designs.

• Design and implement control solutions in LabVIEW both in regular and real-time based hardware.

• Control and integrate non-National Instruments devices into the LabVIEW based solutions.

Indicative content

• Introduction to the model-based design. Use Case study: Design process of a Radio Frequency Quadrupole. Software tools for design, validation and testing.

• Virtual instruments. Test, monitoring and control using LabVIEW. Rapid prototyping using virtual instruments.

• Application examples. Examples of analysis and design using Matlab/Simulink. Examples of experimental test and monitoring systems using LabVIEW.

• Use Matlab/LabVIEW to model and control a small testbech using real hardware.

Suggested Bibliography

• K. J. Aström, R. M. Murray, Feedback Systems: An Introduction for Scientists and Engineers, 2009.

• J. Essick, Hands-On Introduction to LabVIEW for Scientists and Engineers, Oxford Univ. Press, 2013.

• Mathworks, Matlab Primer, http://www.mathworks.com/help/releases/R2014b/pdf_doc/matlab/getstart.pdf.

• G. F. Franklin, J. D. Powell, A. Emami-Naeini , Feedback Control of Dynamic Systems , Pearson, 2013. 

• National Instruments, LabVIEW, Control Design User Manual, http://www.ni.com/pdf/ manuals/371057f.pdf 
Web links of interest: 
- Matlab/Simulnk, http://www.mathworks.com – LabVIEW, http://www.ni.com. 

• Web links of interest: Matlab/Simulnk, http://www.mathworks.com

• LabVIEW, http://www.ni.com.

Methods of Delivery

• Lectures (H): 15

• Practical Works (H): 15

Mehods of Assessment and Weighting

• Classroom activities: 30%

• Laboratory activities and reports: 70%

Credit Value (ECTS): 3

Pre-requisites

No official requirements

Learning Outcomes

• Carrying out scientific labwork in optics together with a research team

• Preparation of a scientific report

• Presentation of the results in a written report

Indicative Content

Internship in a research laboratory

Suggested Bibliography

Specifically defined by the instructor of the research team.

Methods of Delivery

Work load (540 Hours)

Methods of Assessment and Weighting

• Lab Work mark (100%).

• Consists of a written report (approximately 20-30 pages) and a final presentation (15-25 minutes) with subsequent discussion

• The final grade will be determined based on the research performance, the final report, and the presentation

Credit Units (ECTS): 18

Pre-requisites

No official requirements

Learning Outcomes

The aim of this course is to give a comprehensive overview about active photonic devices such as switches or modulators. The course starts by a crisp introduction to the most important parameters and physical principles. The Lecture will then focus onto real-world devices including the areas of electro-optics, waveguides, acousto-optics, magneto-optics and non-linear optics. During this Lecture we will discuss the fundamental principles as well as devices currently employed in photonics. This Lecture will provide the students a base for their Master’s thesis.

Indicative Content

• Introduction;

• Electro-optical modulation;

• Acousto-optical devices;

• Magneto-optics and optical isolation;

• Integrated lasers;

• Non-Linear devices for light generation;

Suggested Bibliography

A list of Literature and materials will be provided at the beginning of the semester.

Methods of Delivery

Work load (120 Hours)

• In-class studying (40 hours)

• Independent studying (80 hours) (incl. preparations for examination)

Methods of Assessment and Weighting

Written examination (100%)

Credit Units (ECTS): 4

Pre-requisites

No official requirements

Learning Outcomes

• The course covers the fundamentals and concepts of the selected laser applications.

• Learning to develop own solutions for challenges in laser applications

Indicative Content

• Overview over laser beam applications as a contactless and remote probe (macroscopic and microscopic, cw and ultrafast, dealing with spectroscopy, metrology, sensing, and multidimensional microscopy)

• Fundamental concepts of related physical and physico-chemical effects

• Absorption and emission of light (selection rules)

• Ultrafast coherent excitation and relaxation (linear and non-linear optical processes)

• Light reflection and elastic/inelastic scattering

Suggested Bibliography

A list of Literature and materials will be provided at the beginning of the semester.

Methods of Delivery

Work load (120 Hours)

• In-class studying (45 hours)

• Independent studying (75 hours) (incl. preparations for examination)

Methods of Assessment and Weighting

Oral examination (100%)

Credit Units (ECTS): 4

Pre-requisites

No official requirements

Learning Outcomes

In various selected topics out of the broad field of laser applications, the students should acquire knowledge of laser material interactions (e.g. atom cooling and optical tweezer), laser induced processes in gases, liquids, and matrices (incl. laser isotope separation), materials´ preparation and structuring by ablation, deposition and/or modification.

Indicative Content

• Applied Laser Technology using the laser as a too Fundamental concepts of related physical and physico-chemical effects

• microscopic and macroscopic light-materials-interactions material preparation and modification (with the exception of classical laser materials´ processing)

Suggested Bibliography

A list of Literature and materials will be provided at the beginning of the semester.

Methods of Delivery

Work load (120 Hours)

• In-class studying (45 hours)

• Independent studying (75 hours) (incl. preparations for examination)

Methods of Assessment and Weighting

Written or oral examination (100%)
The form of the exam will be announced at the beginning of the semester.

Credit Units (ECTS): 4

Pre-requisites

No requirements

Learning Outcomes

The course aims at an introduction to various techniques used for computer based optical simulation. Therefore, the student should learn how to solve Maxwell’s equations in homogenous and inhomogeneous media rigorously as well as on different levels of approximation. The course concentrates predominantly on teaching numerical techniques that are useful in the field of micro- and nanooptics.

Indicative Content

• Introduction to the problem – Maxwell’s equations and the wave equation;

• Free space propagation techniques;

• Beam propagation methods applied to problems in integrated optics;

• Mode expansion techniques applied to stratified media;

• Mode expansion techniques applied to spherical and cylindrical objects;

• Multiple multipole technique;

• Boundary integral method;

• Finite-Difference Time-Domain method;

• Finite Element Method;

• Computation of the dispersion relation (band structure) of periodic media;

• Mode expansion techniques applied to gratings;

• Other grating techniques;

• Contemporary problems in computational photonics.

Suggested Bibliography

A list of Literature and materials will be provided at the beginning of the semester.

Methods of Delivery

Work load (120 Hours)

• In-class studying (45 hours)

• Independent studying (75 hours) (incl. preparations for examination)

Methods of Assessment and Weighting

Written examination (100%)

Credit Units (ECTS): 4

Pre-requisites

Fundamental knowledge on modern optics and condensed matter physics as well as basic knowledge of a computer programming language and computational physics

Learning Outcomes

The course aims at an introduction to various techniques used for computer based optical simulation. Therefore, the student should learn how to solve Maxwell’s equations in homogenous and inhomogeneous media rigorously as well as on different levels of approximation. The course concentrates predominantly on teaching numerical techniques that are useful in the field of micro- and nanooptics.

Indicative Content

• Introduction to the problem – Maxwell’s equations and the wave equation;

• Free space propagation techniques;

• Beam propagation methods applied to problems in integrated optics;

• Mode expansion techniques applied to stratified media;

• Mode expansion techniques applied to spherical and cylindrical objects;

• Multiple multipole technique;

• Boundary integral method;

• Finite-Difference Time-Domain method;

• Finite Element Method;

• Computation of the dispersion relation (band structure) of periodic media;

• Mode expansion techniques applied to gratings;

• Other grating techniques;

• Contemporary problems in computational photonics.

Suggested Bibliography

A list of Literature and materials will be provided at the beginning of the semester.

Methods of Delivery

Work load (120 Hours)

• In-class studying (45 hours)

• Independent studying (75 hours) (incl. preparations for examination)

Methods of Assessment and Weighting

Written examination (100%)

Credit Units (ECTS): 4

Pre-requisites

No official requirements

Learning Outcomes

This course covers the advanced principles of the development of optical systems.

Indicative Content

Starting from geometrical optics the imaging system will be described and optical aberrations will be discussed. Moving on to wave optics monochromatic waves will be taken as the basis for the description of coherent imaging. Combined with scattering theory in the 1st Born approximation a fundamental understanding of the possibilities and limitations in imaging is gained. The concept of the amplitude transfer function and McCutchens 3-dimensional pupil function are introduced. On this basis various coherent imaging modes are discussed including holographic approaches and their limitations, and optical coherent tomography. The working principles of light-detectors are discussed and the requirements for appropriate sampling of images. Finally various modes of fluorescence microscopy and high-resolution microscopy will be covered. The exercises will be calculating examples, also involving hands-on computer based modeling using Matlab and other tools.

Suggested Bibliography

A list of Literature and materials will be provided at the beginning of the semester.

Methods of Delivery

Work load (120 Hours)

• In-class studying (45 hours)

• Independent studying (75 hours) (incl. preparations for examination)

Methods of Assessment and Weighting

Written or oral examination (100%)

The form of the exam will be announced at the beginning of the semester.

Credit Units (ECTS): 4

Pre-requisites

No official requirements

Learning Outcomes

This course gives an introduction in layout, performance analysis and optimization of optical systems with the software Zemax.

Indicative Content

• Introduction and user interface;

• Description and properties of optical systems;

• Geometrical and wave optical aberrations;

• Optimization;

• Imaging simulation;

• Introduction into illumination systems;

• Correction of simple systems;

• More advanced handling and correction methods.

Suggested Bibliography

A list of Literature and materials will be provided at the beginning of the semester.

Methods of Delivery

Work load (120 Hours)

• In-class studying (45 hours)

• Independent studying (75 hours) (incl. preparations for examination)

Methods of Assessment and Weighting

Written examination (100%)

Credit Units (ECTS): 4

Pre-requisites

Basic knowledge on modern optics and condensed matter physics.

Learning Outcomes

This course introduces properties of different types of optical fiber waveguides. Applications of optical fibers and optical sensing will be discussed.

Indicative Content

• Properties of optical fibers;

• Light propagation in optical fibers;

• Technology and characterization techniques;

• Special fiber types (photonic crystal fibers, hollow fibers, polarization maintaining fibers;

• Fiber devices (e.g. fiber amplifiers and lasers);

• Applications

Suggested Bibliography

A list of Literature and materials will be provided at the beginning of the semester.

Methods of Delivery

Work load (120 Hours)

• In-class studying (45 hours)

• Independent studying (75 hours) (incl. preparations for examination)

Methods of Assessment and Weighting

Written or oral examination (100%)
The form of the exam will be announced at the beginning of the semester.

Credit Units (ECTS): 4

Pre-requisites

No official requirements

Learning Outcomes

The description will come soon.

Indicative Content

The lecture will cover a significant part of integrated quantum photonics, which is one of the pillars of the current quantum technology development. In particular, the lecture will cover the following topics

• Integrated optics on a single photon level

• Generation and manipulation of quantum states of light using integrated waveguides

• Overview over integrated photonic platforms and fabrication of passive and active waveguide structures

• Quantum walks in linear and non-linear waveguide lattices

• Introduction to photonic quantum computation and simulation

• Measurements using superconducting nanowire single photon detectors and transition edge sensors

Suggested Bibliography

A list of Literature and materials will be provided at the beginning of the semester.

Methods of Delivery

Work load (120 Hours)

• In-class studying (45 hours)
• Independent studying (75 hours) (incl. preparations for examination)

Methods of Assessment and Weighting

The description will come soon.

Credit Units (ECTS): 4

Pre-requisites

No official requirements

Learning Outcomes

Understanding of the working principles of modern light microscopes and microscopic methods ranging from standard methods to modern super resolution techniques.

Indicative Content

• Paraxial imaging and basic properties of optical systems;

• Initial systems and structural modifications;

• Chromatical correction;

• Aspheres and freeform surfaces;

• Optimization strategy and constraints;

• Special correction features and methods;

• Tolerancing and adjustment.

Suggested Bibliography

A list of Literature and materials will be provided at the beginning of the semester.

Methods of Delivery

Work load (120 Hours)

• In-class studying (45 hours)

• Independent studying (75 hours) (incl. preparations for examination)

Methods of Assessment and Weighting

Written examination (100%)

Credit Units (ECTS): 4

Pre-requisites

No requirements

Learning Outcomes

In this course the student will learn about the fundamental fabrication technologies which are used in microoptics and nanooptics. This includes an overview of the physical principles of the different lithography techniques, thin film coating and etching technologies. After successful completion of the course the students should have a good overview and understanding of the common technologies used for the fabrication of optical micro- and nano-structures. They know their capabilities and limitations.

Indicative Content

• demands of micro- and nano-optics on fabrication technology

• basic optical effects of micro- and nano-structures and their description

• typical structure geometries in micro- and nano-optics

• coating technologies

• lithography (photo-, laser-, electron-beam) and its basic physical principles

• sputtering and dry etching

• special technologies (melting, reflow, …)

• applications and examples

Suggested Bibliography

A list of Literature and materials will be provided at the beginning of the semester.

Methods of Delivery

Work load (120 Hours)

• In-class studying (45 hours)

• Independent studying (75 hours) (incl. preparations for examination)

Methods of Assessment and Weighting

Written examination (100%)

Credit Units (ECTS): 4

Pre-requisites

No official requirements

Learning Outcomes

Optical design is typically based on ray optics. It is discussed when the ray approach fails and a physical optics based concept can be used to tackle such situations. Moreover, physical optics provides very powerful concepts in system design, since the design tasks are formulated in terms of fields which enables access to all parameters of concern in design. Various examples from different applications are investigated to illustrate and demonstrate theoretical results

Indicative Content

• Concept of physical optics modeling by field tracing
• Geometric field tracing by smart rays.
• Design as an inverse field propagation problem
• System design in the functional embodiment
• Design of lens systems for laser sources
• Design of systems for light shaping by holographic optical elements and freeform surfaces
• Inclusion of partially coherent and polychromatic light; multiplexing
• Optimization of coatings and gratings in structure design
• Applications in laser optics, wavefront engineering, and lighting

Suggested Bibliography

A list of Literature and materials will be provided at the beginning of the semester.

Methods of Delivery

Work load (120 Hours)

Methods of Assessment and Weighting

Written or oral examination (100%)
The form of the exam will be announced at the beginning of the semester.

Credit Units (ECTS): 4

Pre-requisites

No official requirements

Learning Outcomes

The course aims to show how linear optics is applied for modeling and design of optical elements and systems. In the first part of the lecture we focus on ray-tracing techniques and its application through image formation. Then we combine the concepts with physical optics and obtain field tracing. It enables the propagation of vectorial harmonic fields through optical systems. In practical exercises the students will get an introduction to the use of commercial optics modeling and design software.

Indicative Content

• Concepts of ray tracing

• Modeling and design of lens systems

• Image formation

• Physical properties of lenses and lens materials in optical design

• Image aberrations and methods to avoid them

• Vectorial harmonic fields

• Plane waves

• Fourier transformation and spectrum of plane waves representation

• Concepts of field tracing

• Propagation techniques through homogeneous and isotropic media

• Numerical properties of propagation techniques

Suggested Bibliography

A list of Literature and materials will be provided at the beginning of the semester.

Methods of Delivery

Work load (120 Hours)

Methods of Assessment and Weighting

Written or oral examination (100%)
The form of the exam will be announced at the beginning of the semester.

Credit Units (ECTS): 4

Pre-requisites

Quantum Theory.

Learning Outcomes

The course will give a basic introduction into the usage of quantum states of light for the exchange of information. It will introduce contemporary methods for the generation of quantum light and schemes that leverage these states for the exchange of information, ranging from fundamental concepts and experiments to state of the art implementations for secure communication networks. The course will also give an outlook to aspects of Quantum metrology and imaging.

After active participation in the course, the students will be familiar with the basic concepts and phenomena of quantum information exchange and some aspects related to the practical implementation thereof. They will be able to apply their knowledge in the assessment and setup of experiments and devices for applications of quantum information processing.

Indicative Content

• Basic introduction to quantum optics

• Quantum light sources

• Encoding, transmission and detection of information with quantum light

• Quantum communication and cryptography

• Quantum communication networks

• Outlook on Quantum metrology and Quantum imaging

Suggested Bibliography

• Grynberg, Aspect, and Fabre, Introduction to Quantum Optics, Cambridge University Press.

• Boyd, Nonlinear Optics, Academic Press.

• Kok & Lovett, Introduction to Optical Quantum Information Processing, Cambridge University Press.

• Leuchs, Lectures on Quantum Information, Wiley-VCH.

• Sergienko, Quantum Communications and Cryptograhy, CRC Press.

• Ou & Jeff, Multi-Photon Quantum Interference, Springer.

Methods of Delivery

Workload (120 Hours)

Methods of Assessment and Weighting

Written or oral examination (100%)
The form of the exam will be announced at the beginning of the semester.

Credit Units (ECTS): 4

Pre-requisites

Fundamental knowledge on modern optics and condensed matter physics

Learning Outcomes

This course aims to convey a fundamental understanding of the physics governing the optical and optoelectronic properties of semiconductor nanomaterials. First, the fundamental optical and optoelectronic properties of bulk semiconductors are reviewed, deepening and extending previously obtained knowledge in condensed matter physics. The students will then learn about the effects of quantum confinement in semiconductor systems in one, two or three spatial dimensions, as well as about photonic effects in nanostructured semiconductors. Finally, several relevant examples of semiconductor nanomaterial systems and their applications in photonics are discussed in detail. After successful completion of the course, the students should be capable of understanding present research directions and of solving basic problems within this field of research.

Indicative Content

The course will cover the following topics:

• Review of fundamentals of semiconductors

• Optical and optoelectronic properties of semiconductors

• Effects of quantum confinement

• Photonic effects in semiconductor nanomaterials

• Physical implementations of semiconductor nanomaterials, including epitaxial structures, semiconductor quantum dots and quantum wires

• Advanced topics of current research, including 2D semiconductors and hybrid nanosystems

Suggested Bibliography

A list of Literature and materials will be provided at the beginning of the semester.

Methods of Delivery

Work load (120 Hours)

In-class studying (45 hours)
Independent studying (75 hours) (incl. preparations for examination)

Methods of Assessment and Weighting

Written examination at the end of the semester and oral presentation on a current research topic

Credit Units (ECTS): 4